lebrated Henry of Monmouth, first duke of Lancaster. The name of Bene't or Benedict's College, arofe from neighbourhood to a church dedicated to that Saint. Other particular benefactors to this college were Sir John Cambridge, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Brotherton, duke of Norfolk, fon of Edward I.; Eleanor Botelar, her fifter; archbishop Parker, who gave the living of St. Mary Abchurch, London, a handfome fet of gilt plate, with many printed books; Sir Nicholas Bacon, lord keeper of the Great Seal, who was a student of this college; archbishop Sterne; Dr. John Spencer, author of De Legibus Hebræorum; and archbishops Tennison and Herring, with many others.

This College confifts principally of one fquare court, the master's lodge, and the hall, forming the fouth fide; and the apartments of the fellows and ftudents, and the combination room, the weft, north, and eaft.

The Chapel is a neat apartment, well fitted up; it has an elegant altar-piece of carved wainscot, fupported by two large pillars; in the middle a pannel of crimson velvet, in a gilt frame, the gift of Sir Jacob Aftley. Over the door of the ante-chapel, which was built by Sir Nicholas Bacon, is an infcription in letters of gold.

The Library (which is celebrated for its MSS.) is over the chapel; and the books are kept with such care, that even a fellow of the college is not admitted to enter it, without having a fellow or fcholar of the college with him during his stay there, according to the will of the donor.

The Hall is a large room, having two beautiful bow windows, finely ornamented with painted glafs, which was taken from the chapel, being the arms of many of the masters and benefactors.. This college contains a master, 12 fellows, 60 scholars, and 3 bible clerks.

Vifitors. The Chancellor or Vice Chancellor, with two fenior doctors of divinity in the University.

CAIUS COLLEGE. The building of Gonville or Caius, commonly called Key's College, was begun by Edmund de Gonville, rector of Terrington and Rushworth, in Norfolk, who, through the interest of Walter de Manney, obtained a licence, or charter, of Edward III. anno 1348, to incorporate it. The fcite was originally on the spot now occupied with the garden and tennis court of Bene't; but Dr. Gonville, who died foon after its commencement, having left a large fum of money to Dr. Bateman, bishop of Norwich, to finish and endow it, the bishop, in confequence of an agreement with the mafter and fellows of Bene't, changed the fituation to the neighbourhood of Trinity Hall, which he himself had founded; and, after faithfully performing VOL. III.

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the duties of his truft, he gave it the name of Gonville Hall, and appointed a mafter, four fellows, and two fcholars.

After a lapfe of two hundred years, this college was destined to have a fecond founder in Dr. John Caius; who had himself, when very young, been admitted a ftudent of Gonville Hall. In 1557, being physician to Queen Mary, and a great favourite, he obtained a licence to advance the Hall into a college, which he endowed with very confiderable estates, in the counties of Hertford, Dorfet, and Cambridge; the advowfon of the parfonages of Rungton and Burnhamfthorp, in Norfolk, and doubled the number of fellows. He alfo added an entire new court, and built three gates at the expence of 1834. From this time the college affumed Dr. Caius's name, and he continued master of it till within a fhort time of his death. Among the other principal benefactors to this college, are Lady Mary Pakenham, Lady Anne Scroop, Lady Elizabeth Cleere, Dr. Balie, Richard Wilfon, Archbishop Parker, Dr. Busby, Dr. Harvey, Sir William Pafton, Dr. Legge, Dr. Brainthwate, Dr. Goftling, Dr. Wells, and Dr. Pierfe.

Befides a new Court, Dr. Caius built three remarkable gates of various and eccentric architecture. That on the fouth, communicating with the schools, is faid to be the first specimen of regular or Roman architecture erected in this country. The gates are refpectively infcribed, "Humilitatis," the gate of Humility: "Virtutis," the gate of Virtue: " Jo. Caius pofuit Sapientiæ," John Caius built this in honour of Wisdom; "Honoris," the gate of Honour. The principal court of this college has been partly rebuilt, and the rest cased with stone, and fafhed in an elegant manner.

The Chapel is not large, but admired for its beauty; is ele gantly fitted up with feats and wainscotting of Norway oak, neatly carved; at the east end is the altar, containing the Annunciation of the Bleffed Virgin Mary, after Carlo Maratti.

The Hall is thirty-nine feet long, and twenty-one broad; and the commemoration room, which is an exceeding good one, opens into the library, which is well furnished with valuable books and MSS. particularly in history, heraldry, and pedigrees. The Society confifts of a mafter, twenty-fix fellowships, seventyone fcholarships, and four exhibitioners.

Vifitors. The provost of King's College, master of Bene't, and the fenior doctor of phyfic.

TRINITY HALL. The fite of this College was anciently an hostel for students, without any endowment, who lived entirely at their own expence. It was enlarged at different periods, by Richard Ling, Chancellor of the University, Thomas Walling

ham,.

ham, and others. In the reign of Edward III. Richard Craudenę, prior of Ely, purchased it for the reception of his monks, who reforted to Cambridge to profecute their ftudies; but foon afterwards fold it to William Bateman, bishop of Norwich, who, in the 26th of Edward III. 1351, having obtained a licence from the King, founded this Hall, which he dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in 1347. He appointed a mafter, two fellows, and three scholars, to be ftudents in the civil and canon law, and one fellow to ftudy divinity, and to be chaplain to the fociety. This college is fituated on the banks of the river, be tween Trinity College and Clare Hall, and is one of the neatest in Cambridge, having been faced with ftone both within and without.

The Chapel is fmall, but very neat. The altar piece contains the Presentation in the Temple.

The Hall is a very handfome room, with a gallery for music at the north end; and is ornamented with the portrait of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, a confiderable benefactor.

The Library is neatly fitted up, containing, amongst a fine collection of choice and valuable books, an entire study of civil and common law.

The Garden affords a very pleafing profpect, the terrace lying on the banks of the river. Among the benefactors to Trinity Hall, previous to the princely bequest of Dr. Andrews, are Gardiner, bishop of Winchefter; Nix, bifhop of Norwich; Dr. John Cowel; Sir George Newman; Dr. Monfe, who gave 801. per annum for repairing the roads towards London, by Hawkeftone Mills; and Dr. Henry Harvey, the twelfth mafter, who, at a great expenfe, made a railed caufeway on the south, and other fides of Cambridge, for the convenience of foot paffengers in dirty weather.

This College will be greatly enlarged by the addition of two wings, extending from the prefent buildings to the river, so as to leave the view open into the country. Dr. John Andrews, late fellow of this college, mafter of the faculties, and chancellor of London, having, in 1747, bequeathed a legacy of 20,000% for that purpose, payable on the death of two fifters.

The Society confifts of a matter, 12 fellows, and 14 scholars. KING'S COLLEGE. King's College, which may on many accounts be confidered as the most magnificent in Europe, was founded by Henry VI., who, in 1443, beftowed upon it a most ample endowment for a provoft, feventy fellows, and fcholars, ten conducts, fixteen chorifters, and a mafter for them; fix finging clerks, fixteen fervants to the college, besides twelve fervitors to the fenior fellows, and fix poor fcholars, amounting in all to 131. The dangers which continually threatened Henry's government and life, did not make him unmindful of the talk

he had undertaken; for in his will he deferibes, with the moft minute particularity, the dimenfions of the college and chapel he intended to build, and according to which the latter was afterward finished. The unfinished ftate of the college at Henry's death, may justly be lamented, for, according to Stow," If it

had proceeded according to that prince's full intent and mean"ing, the like college could fearce have been found again in any "chriftian land." Edward IV. was naturallyno zealous promoter of the intentions of his predeceffor, and he deprived the college of many large eftates, to the value of 1000l. a-year, all which were given to the Oxonians, then about the court. Nor did the building much advance during the turbulent reign of Richard III.; but Henry VII. in whom the line of Lancaster was reitored, began, towards the latter end of his reign, to complete the labours of the founder, expending 2000l. and prefenting the college with the fum of 5000/. for the purpofe of finishing the chapel. He alfo ordered at his deceafe, that his executors fhould fupply the college, from time to time, with different fums of money, fufficient for completing the building. The lift of benefactors to this college is very numerous. Dr. William Smith, when provoft, gave books to the value of 100%. and a falt worth 40%.; a fine ftanding cup, with pendent moving figures furrounding the middle and both fides of the choir were wainfcotted at the expence of Robins, Henfhaw, and Weaver, fellows of the college.

This College confifts of feveral large piles of building detached from each other. The old court is fituate on the north fide of the chapel, between the publick schools and Clare Hall; being about 120 feet long and 90 broad, built of stone to a great height, in which, however, there are but few commodious apartments. The new court forms a quadrangle, by the chapel on the north, the new building (which is very magnificent) on the welt, and a brick building on the eaft, in which are a fchool and fome other apartments, adjoining to which is a large lodge for the provoft; on the fouth, another pile of buildings is defigned, which is to contain the hall and provoft's lodge, with other apartments. This quadrangle is upwards of 300 feet long, and almost as many broad. On the weft fide, and near the battlements of the old building, are fixed fome grotefque heads, each having a leaden pipe in its mouth for the purpose of carrying off

the water.

The Chapel of King's College is juftly esteemed, by connoiffeurs, the moll perfect and magnificent monument of Gothic architecture in the world. How far it had advanced at the founder's death is uncertain: it is probable that it was raised presty high at the east end, and carried on floping towards the weity to the height of the white ftone. Henry the firft founder

had

had settled a great part of the revenues of the duchy of Lancafter, and also a ftone quarry in Yorkshire, for the completion of the work; but Edward IV. on his acceffion, feized the revenue appropriated for the continuance of the building. An entire ftop was confequently put to the works until Dr. Field, warden of Winchefter college, and chaplain to Edward, was chofen provoft in 1479, and appointed overfeer of the works, in which fituation he remained till 1483. Nothing from that time appears to have been done, until the appointment of Thomas Cliff as overfeer, by Richard III. who expended 700 7. upon the building. The work was thus flowly advancing, until the reign of Henry VII. who finished, or rather left a legacy for finishing, the outer walls and battreffes. In 1513, the executors of Henry paid to the provost and scholars 5000/. for the completion of the chapel, from which time it proceeded with rapidity. The builders immediately began to add a second and inner roof of stone, instead of a Gothic arch, in forming which, and difpofing the materials, the architect has difplayed fuch a profound knowledge of geometrical principles, as to confound almost every artist who has fince examined his workmanfhip. It has not fo much as,the appearance of a pillar to uphold it, the towers and buttreffes being its only fupport. In the middle of this roof, and in the flatteft part of it, are fixed perpendicularly, at equal distances from one another, ftones adorned with rofes and portcullifes, every one of which is not less than a ton weight. The difpofition of these keystones has embarraffed the best architects. Mr. Walpole fays, that Sir Christopher Wren went once a year to furvey the roof, and faid, that "if any man would fhew him where to place the "ftone, he would engage to build fuch another."

This roof was executed by John Wastell and Henry Semerick, who by an indenture ftill extant agree "to make, and fet up at their own cofts and charges, a good, fure, and fufficient vawte, for the great church there, to be workmanly wrought, made and fett up after the best handlying and form of good workmanship according to a plat thereof made and figned with the hands of the lords executors to the king of most famous memorye Henry the VII. &c." They alfo agree to provide stone, and every other requifite for the faid work, to finish it in three years, and to receive 1200/. for their whole labour and materials.

The defign of the chapel is at once bold, chafte, and profound; and its exterior and interior effects are grand and impreffive. It confifts of only one fpace or aisle, which is 287 feet in length, by 44 feet is width, and 93 feet in height. This fpacious apartment is furrounded with various

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