This common insect, which ranges from Canada to Florida, and westward and southward to Texas and Mexico, subsists in the larval stage upon a large variety of

trees and shrubs; in fact, the caterpillar is almost omnivorous. The larva is a beautiful object, the body being green, ornamented with a lateral stripe of pink and creamy white and covered with clusters of branching spines. These are possessed of stinging properties, and the caterpillar should be handled with extreme care, if painful consequences are to be avoided. In spite of this defense the larvæ are greatly liable to the attack of ichneumon wasps, which destroy multitudes of them.

Genus HYLESIA Hübner

This is a neotropical genus of small size, one species of which, common enough in Mexico, is occasionally found in Arizona. It is a true Saturnian, the secondaries having but one inner vein and the discal cells in both wings being closed.

(1) Hylesia alinda Druce, Plate VIII, Fig. 12, 8. (The Alinda Moth.)

The specimens I have were taken on the Mexican border of Arizona. So far as I remember, nothing has been written upon the life-history of the species.

SUBFAMILY HEMILEUCINE.

The moths of this subfamily may be structurally differentiated from their near allies by the fact that the hind wings have two distinct internal veins, 1a and 1 b. The antennæ of the male insect in the genus Coloradia are doubly bipectinated. In the

genera Hemileuca and Pseudohazis, the antennæ of the males. are singly bipectinated. In the former genus the females have bipectinated antennæ; in the latter the females have the antennæ serrate, or very feebly pectinated.

Genus COLORADIA Blake

(1) Coloradia pandora Blake, Plate X, Fig. 8, 8. (The Pandora Moth.)

The range of this insect is from the eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains to the Cascades, and from Montana to Mexico.

Genus HEMILEUCA Walker

Eight species of this genus are known from our territory, four of which we figure. H. electra Wright has the hind wings. more or less red with a black border. H. grotei is a black species with a white collar, and a series of narrow white spots covering the middle of the wings, three on the fore wing, and those on the hind wing composing a narrow median band. H. neumageni is a beautiful insect with snowy white thorax and reddish brown abdomen. The wings are snowy white with orange discal marks crossed by two black bands on the primaries and one on the secondaries, the inner line of the primaries being relieved externally by an orange spot bordered with black. H. hualapai Neumagen has the wings dull pink, either without markings, or crossed by two pale lines. The form with the pale transverse lines has been dubbed sororius by Henry Edwards. (1) Hemileuca maia Drury, Plate XI, Fig. 1, 3. (The Buck-moth.)

Syn. proserpina Fabricius.

In the fall of the year, when the leaves are falling and the days are still mellow and warm, the Buck-moths may be seen flitting through the air at noonday. They especially frequent the edges of groves of oaks. Upon the twigs of these trees, as well as occasionally upon willows, wild cherry-trees, and hazels, they deposit their eggs in clusters, as represented in Figure 44. The larvæ, which are gregarious and have stinging spines or bristles upon the somites, hatch in the latter part of April or in May, according to latitude, and after undergoing five molts, pupate in

the ground. The moths emerge in the fall, though a few winter over in the soil until the next spring, when they emerge, or they may even remain dormant until the following fall.

FIG. 44.-Eggs of Buck-moth. (After Riley.)

The wings are semi-translucent, and in some specimens are apparently almost devoid of scales. The insects are diurnal, or semi-crepusIcular in their habit, and I have never known them to be attracted to artificial light. The name "Buck-moths" is said to have been given to them because they fly at the time when deerstalking is in order.

The insect ranges from Maine and Nova Scotia to Florida

and westward to

the eastern edge of

the great plains.
In the Carolinas it

is very common, especially in
groves of the Black-jack Oak,
which grow on barren up-
lands.

(2) Hemileuca neva

densis Stretch, Plate XI,

FIG. 45. Buck-moth; a, mature larva; b, pupa; c-d, bristles on larvæ in first stage; e, thoracic spine in second stage; f, spine in third stage; g, spine in fifth stage. (After Riley.)

It may be a mere local race of Hemileuca maia, but most authors have recently accorded it specific rank.

(3) Hemileuca juno Packard, Plate XII, Fig. 8, 8. (The Juno Moth.)

Syn. yavapai Neumoegen.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI

(The specimens figured are contained in the collection of W. J.