England and Ontario southward through the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi as far as northern Texas.

By weakening the trees the larvæ cause the fruit to fall prematurely, and not a little damage is thus caused to the crop. It has been recommended to treat trees which are infested by the insect to a dust-bath made of air-slaked lime. It is said that this has the effect of destroying the larvæ. A better method of procedure is to give the trees a spraying with a very weak solution of one or the other of the coal-oil emulsions which are in use as disinfectants in orchards.

Genus EPHESTIA Guenée

(1) Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. (The Flour-moth.) Syn. gitonella Druce.

This wretched pest, the original habitat of which is not known, has within recent years caused a great deal of trouble and expense to millers and dealers in grain on both sides of the Atlantic. It is believed by many European entomologists to be of American origin, but this cannot be proved. Others hold that

FIG. 232.-E. kuchniella. (All figures greatly enlarged.) a, larva; b, pupa; c, moth; d, enlarged head of larva; e, enlarged segment; f, moth at rest; g, front wing, showing characteristic markings; h, i, neuration of wings. (After Riley, "Insect Life," Vol. II, p. 166.)

it is an importation from the Orient, and it goes under the name of the Mediterranean Flour-moth in some localities. Wherever the creature came from, it is a decided plague. Rapidly multiplying, it takes possession of mills and grain-warehouses, and

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIII

(Unless otherwise indicated, the specimens figured are contained in the collection of W. J. Holland.)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Diastictis fracturalis Zeller, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Samea ecclesialis Guenée, 9, U. S. N. M.
Agathodes monstralis Guenée, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Phlyct@nodes oberthuralis Fernald, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Phlyctenodes triumphalis Grote, 9, U. S. N. M.
Titanio proximalis Fernald, ♂, U. S. N. M.
7. Cornifrons simalis Grote, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Melitara fernaldialis Hulst, 9, U. S. N. M.
9. Noctuelia thalialis Walker, ♂, U. S. N. M.
IO. Nymphula obscuralis Grote, 9, U. S. N. M.
Salobrana tecome Riley, f.

6.

8.

II.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Scirpophaga perstrialis Hübner, 9, U. S. N. M.
Herculia olinalis Guenée, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Yuma trabalis Grote, 9, U. S. N. M.

Acrobasis betulella Hulst, 9, U. S. N. M.
Ambesa lætella Grote, ♂.

17. Crambus laqueatellus Clemens, ♂.

18. Crambus alboclavellus Zeller, ♂.
Crambus turbatellus Walker, .
20. Crambus trisectus Walker, 9.

19.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

Archips cerasivorana Fitch, 9, U. S. N. M.
Tortrix albicomana Clemens, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Amorbia humerosana Clemens, , U. S. N. M.
Platynota flavedana Clemens, ?, var.

Platynota labiosana Zeller, 9, U. S. N. M.
26. Commophila macrocarpana Walsingham, ♂,
Eucosma dorsisignatana Clemens, ♂.

27.

28. Cenopis groteana Fernald, ♂.
29. Ecdytolo pha insiticiana Zeller, 9.
30. Archips purpurana Clemens, ♂.
31. Archips parallela Robinson, ♂.
32. Archips rosaceana Harris, Q.

33.

Tosale oviplagalis Walker, ♂.

34. Archips argyros pila Walker, 9, U. S. N. M.

35. Cenopis pettitana Robinson, 9, U. S. N. M.

36. Atteva aurea Fitch, ♂, U. S. N. M.

U. S. N. M.

Epagoge tunicana Walsingham, ♂, U. S. N. M.
Stenoma schlageri Zeller, ♂, U. S. N. M.

39.

Eulia alisellana Robinson, f.

40.

4I.

42.

Anaphora po peanella Clemens, d.

Yponomeuta multipunctella Clemens, ♂, U. S. N. M.

Adela bella Chambers, ♂.