ground without a cocoon, the earth being fashioned in some cases into a cemented cell about the pupa. Genus PANTHEA Hübner (1) Panthea furcilla Packard, Plate XVII, Fig. 31, 8. (The Eastern Panthea.) Closely allied to the following species, from which it may be distinguished by the absence of the reniform spot at the end of the cell. (2) Panthea portlandia Grote, Plate XVII, Fig. 30, 8. (The Western Panthea.) Transverse markings less diffuse than in the preceding species, and reniform spot always present. P. furcilla occurs on the northern Atlantic, and P. portlandia on the northern Pacific coast. (For the other two species consult Proceedings U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXI, p. 13.) Genus DEMAS Stephens (1) Demas propinquilinea Grote, Plate XIX, Fig. 3, f. (The Close-banded Demas.) The caterpillar feeds on various deciduous trees, making a case for itself by drawing two leaves together with strands of silk. It occurs in the Atlantic States. (For the other two species of genus see Proceedings U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXI, p. 22.) Genus CHARADRA Walker (1) Charadra deridens Guenée, Plate XVIII, Fig. 4, 9. (The Laugher.) Syn. circulifer Walker; contigua Walker. A rather rare moth, the habitat of which is the Atlantic States, and the larva of which makes a case for itself, very much as done by the preceding species. (2) Charadra illudens Walker, Plate XVIII, Fig. 5, 8, Fig. 2, . (The Sport.) Syn. pythion Druce. A Mexican species, which I admit to the fauna of our territory on the authority of George Franck of Brooklyn, who reports its occurrence in Florida. (3) Charadra decora Morrison, Plate XVII, Fig. 29, 8. (The Dandy.) Syn. felina Druce. This is likewise a Mexican species, which is said to occur in Arizona, but the fact of its being found there requires verification. One other species of the genus, C. dispulsa Morrison, occurs in the Southern States. Genus RAPHIA Hübner (1) Raphia frater Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 3, 9. (The Brother.) Syn. personata Walker; flexuosa Walker. There are three species belonging to this genus in our fauna. They are closely alike in appearance. The species we figure occurs in the Eastern States. R. abrupta Grote is also an eastern species, while R. coloradensis is found in the West. Genus APATELA Hübner This is a large genus, well represented in the temperate regions of both the Old World and the New. The latest Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the United States credits our fauna with seventy-five species. The genus has been monographed by Smith & Dyar. (See Proceedings U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXI, pp. 1-104.) Within the compass of these pages we cannot do more than give a representation of a number of the forms, which have been described, leaving the student to further researches in the readily accessible literature of the subject. (1) Apatela americana Harris, Plate XVIII, Fig. 12, 9. (The American Dagger-moth.) Syn. acericola Guenée; obscura Henry Edwards; aceris Abbot & Smith (non Linnæus). This is one of the largest species of the genus. The caterpillar feeds upon deciduous trees of many genera, and the insect occurs from New England to Utah and south to the Gulf States. (2) Apatela dactylina Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 17, 8. (The Fingered Dagger-moth). Easily distinguished from the preceding species, which it resembles in the markings of the fore wings, by its smaller size and the white hind wings. It ranges from Canada to Virginia and westward to the Rocky Mountains. The caterpillar lives upon alder, willow, and birch. (3) Apatela populi Riley, Plate XVIII, Fig. 14, (The Cottonwood Dagger-moth.) The moth, of which we reproduce the figures of the larva and imago given by Professor Riley, who first described the species, ranges from Canada to western parts of the Carolinas, thence across the continent to the Pacific coast, avoiding the warmer regions of the Gulf States and southern California. The imago is discriminated from Apatela lepusculina Guenée by the broader wings, especially of the female, by the paler groundcolor of the primaries, and by the absence of the orbicular spot, which is very rarely as conspicuous as it appears in the figure given by Riley, and still further by the very short basal dash on the FIG. 85. A patela populi, . (After Riley.) fore wings, which in A. lepusculina is long, reaching outwardly as a sharply defined black line one-third of the length of the cell. The larva is also quite different in important particulars from that of the species, which has been named, but with which this species is often confounded in collections. The caterpillar feeds upon the foliage of different species of the genus Populus, and is particularly common in the States of the Mississippi Basin upon the Cottonwood (Populus monilifera and Populus heterophylla.) (4) Apatela innotata Guenée, Plate XVIII, Fig. 13, 3. (The Unmarked Dagger-moth.) Syn. græfi Grote. The figure given in the plate represents a form intermediate between those depicted by Smith & Dyar. (See Proceedings U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXI, Plate II, Figs. 17, 18). The ground color is a dirty yellowish-white. The species occurs in Canada and the northern Atlantic States. (5) Apatela morula Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 8, 3. (The Darkish Dagger-moth.) Syn ulmi Harris. This insect occurs from Canada southward and westward to the Rocky Mountains. The caterpillar feeds upon elm, apple, and linden. (6) Apatela interrupta Guenée, Plate XIX, Fig. 5, 9. (The Interrupted Dagger-moth.) Syn. occidentalis Grote & Robinson. The larva feeds upon the Rosacea, and also upon the elm and the birch. The insect has a wide range from the Atlantic seaboard to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the northern portions of the Gulf States. (7) Apatela lobelia Guenée, Plate XVIII, Fig. 9, 8. (The Lobelia Dagger-moth.) The caterpillar feeds upon oak, in spite of the fact that the author of the species attributed it to the Lobelia, which would no doubt poison it if administered. It ranges from Canada to Florida and Texas, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. (8) Apatela furcifera Guenée, Plate XVIII, Fig. 10, 3. (The Forked Dagger-moth.) The range of this species is practically the same as that of the preceding. The larva feeds upon various species of wild-cherry. (9) Apatela hasta Guenée, Plate XIX, Fig. 6, 9. (The Dart Dagger-moth.) Syn. telum Guenée. The insect is found in the northern Atlantic States and Canada. It is smaller and darker than the preceding species, to which it is closely allied. The figure in the plate is hardly dark enough. (10) Apatela quadrata Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 15, 9. (The Quadrate Dagger.) This species occurs on the Pacific coast and ranges eastward as far as Alberta in the north and Kansas in the south. The author does not recall a description of the larva. (11) Apatela superans Guenée, Plate XVIII, Fig. 26, 9. (The Chieftain Dagger.) This is a well-marked species, which cannot easily be mistaken. It occurs in Canada, southward to the Carolinas, and westward through the valley of the Mississippi. The larva feeds on the same plants as its allies, which have been mentioned above. (12) Apatela lithospila Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 24, 3. (The Streaked Dagger.) Ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The larva feeds upon oak, hickory, and chestnut. (13) Apatela connecta Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 19, 8. (The Connected Dagger.) The habitat of this species is found from Canada to the Carolinas and westward to the Mississippi. The larva feeds on willows. (14) Apatela fragilis Guenée, Plate XIX, Fig. 1, 3. (The Fragile Dagger-moth.) Syn. spectans Walker. This delicate little species has by some authors been referred to the genus Microcalia, but is a true Apatela. It ranges from Canada to the Carolinas and westward to the Mississippi. The caterpillar feeds on birch and various plants belonging to the Rosacea. (15) Apatela vinnula Grote, Plate XVIII, Fig. 25, 9. (The Delightful Dagger.) This pretty and easily recognizable species feeds in the larval stage upon the elm and ranges from the Atlantic coast to the border of the Great Plains. It comes very freely to sugar. (16) Apatela grisea Walker, Plate XVIII, Fig. 11, 9. (The Gray Dagger-moth.) Syn. pudorata Morrison. The caterpillar feeds on apple, birch, willow, elm, and arrow |