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there are yearly large quantities of such remains of antiquity discovered, and forced from their long unmolested beds, in that and the neighbouring fens, perhaps none of equal size had before been drawn from its obscurity, excepting one which was dug up in Walcott Dales in 1811, which is said to have contained four hundred solid feet of timber.

River Navigation. Mr Mathew Robertson, of Glasgow, has contrived a float, similar in principle to those used by the Dutch, for enabling a loaded ship to pass up and down rivers, whose depth is not equal to her usual draught of water. It consists of a decked, flat-bottomed boat, twice or thrice the size of the ship, with an opening in the middle, large enough to receive her. This flat boat is formed in two pieces, which are united by a strong hinge at the prow, and a strong clasp at the stern. The clasp being loosened, the two sides of the boat are made to diverge; the ship sails into the open space in the middle; after which the sides are again closed and fastened. Four strong chains, or more if necessary, are then passed across under the ship's bottom, and attached to screws fixed to the deck of the float; the screws are then worked by wheels and pinions; the chains are shortened; and the vessel is gradually raised by transferring the pressure to the float. The weight of the vessel is thus diffused over a surface twice, or if need be, thrice the size of her own hull, and of course the draught of water is proportionally diminished. It may thus be effected, that a ship, drawing sixteen feet of water, being raised nine feet by the chains, shall depress the float three feet, and so her actual draught will be reduced to ten feet.

Telescopes. Mr Tully, of Islington, England, has constructed an achromatic telescope, the largest and most perfect yet made in England. The object-glass is seven inches in diameter; the glass was manufactured at Neufchatel, in Switzerland, and cost about thirty pounds; the grinding and adjusting of it by Mr Tully are valued at two hundred pounds, viz. for the compound object-glass alone. The length of the telescope is twelve feet. The magnifying powers range from two hundred to seven hundred and eighty times; but the great excellence of the telescope consists in the superior distinctness and brilliancy with which objects are seen through it, rather than in its magnifying power. With a power of two hundred and forty, the light of Jupiter is almost too intense for the eye to bear, and his satellites appear as bright as Sirius, but with a clear and steady light, and all the belts and spots upon the face of the planet are most distinctly defined. With a power of near four hundred, Saturn appears large and well defined, and is one of the most beautiful objects that can well be conceived. The great advantage which this telescope possesses over reflecting telescopes of equal size, is the greater degree of light, by which the most delicate objects in the heavens are rendered distinct and brilliant.

Variation of the Magnetic Needle. It appears by Mr Kupffer's observations, that, on the thirteenth of November, 1825, the magnetic needle exhibited at Kasan (Russia) a very sensible and unusual variation. On the same day, and at the same hour, exactly the same phenomenon was observed at Paris; and it has been ascertained, that precisely at the same time, a vivid aurora borealis was visible in the north of Scotland. It is a remarkable fact, that, although the aurora borealis is now rarely seen at Paris, the magnetic needle is no less sensibly affected by all the phenomena of that kind, which appear in the polar regions.

Poisonous Wounds. A successful application of the cupping-glass to poisonous wounds, has lately been made by Dr Barry, at Paris. It appears as if the action of the cupping-glass had the power of recalling to the exterior the poison already introduced into the vessels. Dr Barry strongly recommends the use of the cupping-glass, followed by that of the cautery, in cases of the bite of the mad-dog, even if the first symptoms of hydrophobia have shown themselves.

Curious Relic. A Greenock newspaper mentions the discovery of a curious piece of antiquity in a quarry, which is wrought in that part of Scotland. It is described to be a silver or mixed metallic horse-shoe, connected with a petrifaction of wood, and both imbedded five feet and a half deep in the solid rock. This situation refers it to a period so remote, that even an antediluvian origin is attributed to it.

Population, &c. of Great Britain. In Great Britain, the number of individuals in a state to bear arms, from the age of fifteen to that of sixty, is 2,744,847. The number of marriages is about 98,030 yearly, and it has been remarked, that one out of twenty-one is without issue. The number of deaths is about 332,708 yearly. The deaths among the women are in proportion to those of the men as fifty to fifty-four. The married women live longer than those who continue in a state of celibacy. In the country, the mean number of children from each marriage, is four; in towns the proportion is seven for every two marriages. The married women are to the whole number of females as one to three, and the number of married men to the whole number of males, as three to five. The number of widows is to that of the widowers as three to one, but the number of widows who marry again, is to that of the widowers as seven to four. The half of the individuals born, die before attaining the age of seventeen years. The number of twins is to that of ordinary births, as one to sixty-five. One individual only in three thousand one hundred and twenty-six, according to calculation, attains the age of an hundred years. The male births are to the female as ninety-six to ninety-five.

Vaccination. In several countries of Europe, general vaccination is ordered by government. No one who has not had the cow-pox or small-pox, can be put to school, apprenticed, or married. Small-pox inoculation is prohibited; if it appears in any house, the house is put under quarantine. By such means, the mortality from the small-pox in 1818, had been prodigiously lessened. In Copenhagen, it was reduced from 5,500 during twelve years, to 158 during sixteen years. In Prussia, it was reduced from 40,000 annually, to less than 3,000; and in Berlin, in 1819, only twenty-five persons died of the disease. In Bavaria, only five persons died of small-pox in eleven years, and in the principality of Anspach, it was completely exterminated. In England, on the contrary, crowds of the poor go unvaccinated; they are permitted not only to imbibe the small-pox themselves, but to go abroad and scatter the venom among those they meet. A few years ago, it broke out in Norwich, and carried off more persons in one year, than had ever been destroyed in that city by any one disease, except the plague. A similar epidemic raged at Edinburgh; and last year it destroyed 1,299 in London.

Translation of Boethius. By the industry and research of Mr Leman, very interesting discoveries have been lately made in the English State

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Paper Office. Amongst other valuable papers, an entire translation of Boethius, by Queen Elizabeth; the prose in the handwriting of Her Majesty's secretary, and the whole of the poetry the queen's own autograph. Parts of a poetical translation of Horace, written by the queen, have likewise been found. Nearly all the documents connected with the principal events which occurred during the reign of Henry VIII, especially the king's various divorces, have likewise been brought to light, particularly the whole case of Catharine Howard. It is intended to submit these literary and historical relics to His Majesty.

Burmese Idol. Captain Coe, commander of the English squadron in the East Indies, has presented to the Cambridge University an alabaster statue of a Burmese idol, taken from the sacred grove near Ava, and two religious books, beautifully executed on the Palmyra leaf, to which none but the Burmese priests are permitted to have access.

Intensity of Light. An interesting experiment has been lately performed in the armoury of the Tower of London, in which the most intense light ever yet produced by art, was exhibited. It was effected by directing a jet of burning alcohol or the flames of a spirit-lamp upon a piece of lime, by the action of a stream of oxygen gas. The light is calculated to be eighty times more intense than an equal area emitted by the combustion of an argand lamp. It is said to be visible at a distance of an hundred and twenty miles. No satisfactory explanation has been hitherto given; but it appears that other earths will also exhibit the same brilliancy, when heated by the means above described. The peculiar earth, termed Zircon, is found to be pre-eminent in this property. Its value for the purposes of a signal will readily suggest itself.

Comets. It is now certain, that the same comet has appeared in our planetary system in the years 1786, 1795, 1801, 1805, 1818, and 1825. It appears, that in its course, it never passes the orbit of Jupiter. The period of its revolution (which is the shortest known) very little exceeds three years and a quarter; and its mean distance from the sun is not more than twice that of the earth. It seems to be especially connected with the system in which our globe is placed, and crosses our orbit more than sixty times in a century. M. Olbers, the celebrated astronomer of Bremen, who has bestowed much attention on this comet, has been lately occupied in calculating its possible influence on the destinies of our globe. He finds, that in 83,000 years, this comet will approach the earth as nearly as the moon; and, that in 4,000,000 years, it will come within a distance of 7,700 geographical miles; the consequence of which will be, if its attraction be equal to that of the earth, the elevation of the waters of the ocean 13,000 feet; that is to say, above the tops of all the European mountains, except Mont Blanc. The inhabitants of the Andes and of the Himalaya mountains alone, will escape this second deluge; but they will not benefit by their good fortune more than 216,000,000 years; for it is probable, that, at the expiration of that time, our globe, standing right in the way of the comet, will receive a shock severe enough to occasion its utter destruction.

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

ARTS, SCIENCES, &c.

A Geometric System for the Measurement of the Area of a Circle, or any of its Sectors. By Edwin W. Jackson. New Brunswick. 8vo. Reports of William Strickland, Esq. Engineer, Agent for the "Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Internal Improvement," on a Tour through Great Britain, in 1825. Philadelphia. Price $10.

DRAMA.

The Acting American Theatre. No. V. Containing Marmion, or the Battle of Flodden Field; with an engraved Portrait of Mr Duff in Marmion. Philadelphia. 12mo.

EDUCATION.

The Evangelical Primer. By Joseph Emerson. New Edition. Boston. 12mo. pp. 72.

An Analytical Guide to the Art of Penmanship; in which the correct Principles of the Round and Running Hands are systematized and simplified. By Enoch Noyes. Boston.

Easy Lessons, or Leading Strings to Knowledge. Embellished with coloured Engravings. By the Author of "The Welcome Visiter." The American Definition Spelling-Book. By Abner Kneeland. Concord, N. H. 12mo.

English Grammar, adapted to the different Classes of Learners. With an Appendix. By Lindley Murray. Bridgeport, Conn. 12mo. pp. 312. Cubi's Spanish Grammar. Third Edition. Baltimore. 12mo.

Le Traducteur Français; or, a New and Practical System for Translating the French Language. By Mariano Cubi y Soler. Baltimore. 12mo. pp. 392.

The Accountant's Assistant, or Complete Interest Tables. By Almon Ticknor.

Historia Sacra; a new and improved Edition. Princeton.

Questions on the Historical Part of the New Testament; designed for Schools. By Truman Parmele. Second Edition, improved.

The Greek Lexicon of Schrevelius, translated into English, with many Additions. Boston. 8vo. pp. 896.

A New Arithmetic for the Use of Schools. By Henry Jackson, Teacher of the Monitorial School, Portland.

Primary Lessons in Arithmetic. By Frederic Emerson. Boston. 18mo. pp. 31.

EULOGIES.

An Address, delivered July 12, 1826, in the Middle Dutch Church, on occasion of the Funeral Obsequies of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. By Stephen N. Rowan, D. D. New York.

Eulogy, pronounced by the Hon. T. U. P. Charlton, on the Lives and Character of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Savannah.

An Oration, delivered in Independence Square, in the City of Philadelphia, on the 24th of July, 1826, in Commemoration of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. By John Sergeant. Philadelphia. 8vo.

An Address, delivered at Charlestown, Massachusetts, August 1, 1826, in commemoration of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. By Edward Everett. Boston. 8vo. pp. 36.

An Address, delivered in Chauncey Place Church, before the Young Men of Boston, August 2, 1826, in commemoration of the Death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. By Samuel L. Knapp. Boston. 8vo. pp. 31.

A Sermon, delivered in the Capitol of the United States, on the 16th of July, 1826, on the Death of Mr Jefferson and Mr Adams, By William Staughton, D. D.

An Eulogy on John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, pronounced by the request of the Common Council of Albany, July, 1826. By William Alexander Duer. Albany.

Eulogy on John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; pronounced in Hallowell, July, 1826, at the request of Committees of the Towns of Hallowell, Augusta, and Gardiner. By Peleg Sprague. Hallowell. 8vo. pp. 22.

A Discourse, in Commemoration of the Lives and Services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, delivered in Faneuil Hall, Boston, August 2, 1826. By Daniel Webster. Boston. 8vo. pp. 62.

HISTORY.

Annals of the Town of Keene, from the First Settlement, 1736, to the Year 1790. By Hon. Talma Hale. Concord, N. H. 8vo. pp. 69. A Chronological History of New England, in the form of Annals. With an Introduction. By Thomas Prince, M. A. A New Edition. Boston. 8vo. pp. 439.

LAW.

The Interesting Trial of William F. Hooe, for the Murder of William Simpson; with the Speeches of the Counsel upon the occasion, &c. New York.

Hammond's Reports. Vol. II. Part I.

The Justice's Guide, or Directory for the Justices of Peace in the State of New York. By a Gentleman of the Bar. Price $1,50.

Laws of the State of New Hampshire, passed June Session, 1826. Concord. 8vo.

Resolves of the State of Massachusetts, June Session, 1826. Boston. Svo.

Laws of Maine. No. V. Vol. II. Session of 1826.

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Memoir of the French Protestants, who settled at Oxford, in Massachusetts, A. D. 1686; with a Sketch of the entire History of the Protestants of France. By Abiel Holmes, D. D. Cambridge. 8vo. pp. 83.

The New York Directory; containing a List of Streets, their Extent, &c., Officers of the Government of the United States, and of the State of New York, &c. New York.

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