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FACSIMILE OF ORIGINAL LETTER JOHN GRAHAM BROOKS TO ROGER N. BALDWIN, RELATING TO JUDGE ANDERSON'S WILLINGNESS TO ASSIST IN QUASHING I. W. W. INDICTMENTS AT CHICAGO.

Council, Roger Baldwin of the American Union Against Militarism and the Civil Liberties Bureau. Baldwin had already advised both Lochner and Miss Balch early in May as to the details of organizing the Council along national lines; and he now wrote another masterly letter of advice.

"It seems to me important that we should have every point carefully thought out," wrote Baldwin, "in order that this movement may take the greatest possible hold upon public opinion throughout the United States." (May 9, 1917.)

In another letter to Lochner (Aug. 21, 1917), referring mainly to the proposed Convention of the People's Council in September, 1917, Baldwin wrote as follows:1

"1. Do steer away from making it look like a Socialist enterprise. Too many people have already gotten the idea that it is nine-tenths a Socialist movement. You can of course avoid this by bringing to the front people like Senator Works, Miss Addams and others who are known as substantial Democrats.

"2. Do get into the movement just as strong as possible the leaders in the labor circles, particularly the substantial men, not the radical Socialists, both of whom ought to be recognized. But the substantial men will begin to start the big Irish Democratic Labor movement our way, and that is important. Also bring to the front the farmers, not confining it to the new agrarian movement in the northwest.

"3. I think it would be an error to get the public thinking that we are launching a political party in Minneapolis. To be sure we are launching a political movement, but that is quite another matter from a political point. It is a mistake already to have tied up with the name of Mr. La Follette fine as he is. If we begin to mix personalities with principles we will find at these early stages we are going to get into a lot of trouble. Our main job is to keep peace terms and a larger democracy for the United States in the foreground of public discussion.

"4. We want also to look like patriots in everything we do. We want to get a lot of good flags, talk a good deal about the Constitution and what our forefathers wanted to make of this country, and to show that we are the folks that really stand for the spirit of our institutions."

1 See illustration of Baldwin's letter of August 21, 1917, to Lochner.

Lochner in answering agreed to all four points, even to: "I agree with you that we should keep proclaiming our loyalty and patriotism. I will see to it that we have flags and similar paraphernalia." (Aug. 24, 1917.)

All this while, Lochner's official family, to which had been added an assistant in the person of James Waldo Fawcett (afterward a member of the Left Wing Socialist Party and editor of a radical magazine called "The Modernist)" had not been idle. By the middle of July, 1917, due to good team work with certain comrades in the field and by judicious use of the "American Conference camouflage" as an entering wedge,' Lochner and his associates succeeded in organizing a number of locals of the People's Council in many parts of the country, all of which were pledged to work for the proposed September Central Convention in Minneapolis.

Records of these local People's Councils formed during the summer of 1917, are as follows:

California Los Angeles.- New councils have been formed in Pasadena, Santa Ana, Anaheim, Orange, Long Beach, Santa Monica, South Pasadena, Santa Barbara, San Diego and Pomona. Colorado Denver.

Georgia Macon.

Idaho - Nampa.

Iowa Postville.

Massachusetts Boston.- A local branch which is rapidly gaining new members has been organized here under the leadership of Mr. Robert L. Wolfe, assistant in the department of economics at Harvard.

Minnesota St. Paul.- The St. Paul Lodge No. 112 of the International Association of Machinists has voted to participate in the Minneapolis Conference.

New Jersey Camden.- A council has been started here and branches are under way at Vineland, Montclair, Bridgeton, Millville and several other New Jersey towns. Paterson.- Paterson Workers' Conference, representing twelve organizations, has voted to affiliate with the People's Council and has elected two delegates to the Minneapolis Convention.

Press Matter, People's Council, July 20, 1917, giving account of Third American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace in Los Angeles.

New York-Syracuse.

The Cigar Makers' Local No. 6 of this city has indorsed the principles of the People's Council. Buffalo.

Ohio Youngstown, Canton.

Pennsylvania - Pittsburgh.-A strong council is at work in this city, with headquarters at 415 Fourth avenue, opposite the United States Postoffice and Federal Building.

Utah Salt Lake City.- Under the leadership of Rev. Paul Jones, Bishop of Utah, a strong council has been formed in this state, with headquarters in this city.

Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The local council has held three largely attended meetings, printed 50,000 copies of a leaflet and is gaining the affiliation of all progressive bodies.

Job Harriman of Los Angeles reports that the farmers of the Middle West are deeply interested in the movement and will be strongly represented at the Assembly in Minneapolis.

Max Eastman, editor of "The Masses," is speaking for the People's Council at mass meetings in the Middle West. He reports that the movement is growing among labor unions and working people beyond the most enthusiastic hopes.

James H. Maurer, president of the Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor, has addressed twenty-five mass meetings for the People's Council in various centers throughout the West. Many of these meetings were attended by members of trade unions only. Mr. Maurer says that the sentiment of organized labor is for peace and that feeling against the action of officials of the American Federation of Labor is growing resentful. (People's Council Bulletin, August 27, 1917.)

Besides these smaller centers, we have records of two more important People's Councils in Chicago and Philadelphia. In Chicago the frankly radical and pro-German Mrs. Lloyd had a great deal of trouble in persuading both Senator La Follette and Jane Addams to ally themselves openly with the Socialists connected with the People's Council there. By way of illustration of this we quote from several of Mrs. Lloyd's letters to Lochner.

"Saturday our Conference made Irvin St. John, secretary for lack of a willing non-Socialist; and Miss Addams hesitated about the chairmanship. Today she refused it because of an unfortunate leak in the papers a premature announcement of the meeting under Socialist auspices. She said by