The Railroad Engineer's Practice, Being a Short But Complete Description of the Duties of the Young Engineer in Preliminary and Location Surveys, and in ConstructionG. H. Frost, 1880 - 75 стор. |
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½ F 12 inches 9 inches abutments Allegheny Valley Railroad angle arch Axeman beam bottom braces calculated cement centre line clinometer cotan CULVERTS curve A B depth diameter distance driving earth embankment engineers excavation extrados factor of safety feet long formula frog gives grade gravel ground height inches inches thick Joists king-post length London clay masonry maximum compression maximum strain maximum tension measure miles mortise notched number of stations panel paper location Pennsylvania Railroad piles plug Pocket Book pounds per square Pratt truss Principal Assistant Problem radius rail Rankine Rankine's resistance Rodman safe load sand side Sir Charles Fox slope slope-stake span spiked splice square foot stakes stone strain on suspending surface suspending rod switch tangent tenon three feet timber Transitman Trautwine truss truss bridge tunnel upper chord vertical width
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Сторінка 60 - A trick of the masons is to use '•' blind headers," or short stones that look like headers on the outside, but do not go deeper into the wall than the adjacent stretchers. When a course has been put on top...
Сторінка 60 - ... roughly dressed on beds and joints, so that the width of the joints is half an inch or more. The same rules apply to breaking joint, and to the proportions which the lengths and breadths of the stones should bear to their depths, as in ashlar; and as in ashlar, also, at least one-fourth of the face should consist of headers, whose length should be from three to five times the depth of the course. Amount of Mortar. The amount of mortar required for squared-stone masonry varies with the size of...
Сторінка 16 - Having located a compound curve terminating in a tangent, it is required to change the point of compound curvature so that the curve will terminate in a tangent parallel to a given tangent at any required distance perpendicular thereto. RULE. Divide the required distance between parallel tangents by the difference of radii of the two last branches of curve. From the cosine of total amount of curvature in last branch subtract this...
Сторінка 60 - blind headers," or short stones that look like headers on the face, but do not go deeper into the wall than the adjacent stretchers. When a course has been put on top of these they are completely covered up, and, if not suspected, the fraud will never be discovered unless the weakness of the wall reveals it.
Сторінка 29 - The following formula is used by some engineers in determining the area of • a culvert opening : in which A is the area of the opening of the culvert in square feet, M is the drainage area in acres, and c the variable coefficient depending upon the nature of the country, 1.6 being used for compact hilly ground, 1 for comparatively level ground, and being raised to 4 for abrupt rocky slopes. For example, under average conditions, a drainage area of 200 acres with...
Сторінка 16 - Having located a compound curve terminating in a given tangent, it is required to change the pc <?., also the length of the last radius, so as to pass through the same terminating point with a given difference in the direction of the tangent. Let the given curve HA be a 2° of 2865 feet radius compounded to AB, a 2° 30...