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NOTES:-Mercian Origins, 1-Jubilee of the Leisure
Hour,' 3-Kipling in America, 5-"Rather"-Romney
Society for 1900, which makes the total to
be 144,000 hides, assigns 100,000 to England
south of the Humber, for he supposes the
first 44,000 to belong to Northumbria, viz.,
Bernicia, 30,000, and Deira, 14,000.
The first question is, What was the terri-
tory originally occupied by the Angle tribes
We have Bede's
known as the Mercians?
answer that the North Mercians had 7,000
hides and the South Mercians 5,000, and that
the Trent divided them (iii. 24). The 'Tribal
Hidage' gives us the Lindes farona with
Hæth feld land, 7,000 hides, and Nox gaga,
NOTES ON BOOKS :-Wilkins's Caroline the Illustrious
shire was known as the Hatfield division,
either because it was originally part of Hat-
Burke's Peerage and Baronetage' - Reviews and field, or at least bordered upon it; and in
THE following notes, gathered from Bede
and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,' have been
put together in the hope of contributing
something to elucidate the early history of
Mercia. The Mercian supremacy over the
greater part of England lasted about 200 years
(640-820), and although it may have been a
loose Home-Rule arrangement, leaving great
liberty to the subordinate or associated
states, yet it must have had its effect on the
gradual unification of the English peoples.
For example, it may turn out that the "large
hide" is Mercian, and the small hide
Kentish, the squire and the yeoman, to use
later terms, being the respective ideals of the
landowning freeman. One of the earliest
Mercian charters is a grant of a five-hide
estate by Wulfhere (Birch, 'Cartularium,'
i. 53). One important document has come
down to us to show how Mercia was composed,
the Tribal Hidage.' It will be assumed
here that the solution proposed in 9th S. vii.
441 is in the main correct, but it may be
pointed out that Mr. Corbett's solution in
the Transactions of the Royal Historical
the latter alternative the old "Heath field"
must have stretched down to the borders of
Derbyshire. On marking on a map the
North Mercians over the northern half of
Lincolnshire, the south-east corner of York-
shire, and Nottinghamshire, and the South
Mercians over Leicestershire and Northamp-
tonshire, it will be seen how well the alloca-
tions fit in with Bede's description. It will
also become evident that the Mercians entered
England by the Humber and settled on its
shores and along its tributaries the Don and
Trent, the latter giving easy access into the
centre of the country.
Another means of fixing the area is afforded
by considering the districts occupied by the
surrounding states. The Mercians occupied
the "mark," or district separating the pro-
vinces of the Northumbrians, East Angles,
and West (or South) Saxons, and we have
clues as to the extent of these provinces. The
Humber, it appears from Asser (a. 867) and
Geoffrey of Monmouth (ii. 7), was the name,
not only of the estuary now so called, but
of the Ouse at least as far as York. Thus
the limit of Northumbria is fixed not at the
southern border of Yorkshire, but at the
Ouse; yet it probably always embraced
what is called the Ainsty of York, between
the Ouse, Wharfe, and Nidd, for it was to
this district that the Northumbrian saint
Hieu retired (Bede, iv. 23). Westward of
this, to the south of the Wharfe or the Nidd,
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