Heating and Ventilation: A Working Manual of Approved Practice in the Heating and Ventilation of Dwellinghouses and Other Buildings, with Complete Practical Instruction in the Mechanical Details, Operation, and Care of Modern Heating and Ventilating Plants

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American School of Correspondence, 1908 - 221 стор.
 

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Сторінка 47 - ... used in each special case as to the best arrangement to suit all requirements. Systems of Piping. There are three distinct systems of piping, known as the two-pipe system, the one-pipe, relief system, and the onepipe circuit system, with various modifications of each and combinations of the different systems. Fig. 23 shows the arrangement of piping and radiators in the two-pipe system. The steam main leads from the top of the boiler, and the branches are carried along near the basement ceiling....
Сторінка 61 - XIV, which may be used for all pressures below 10 pounds, gives for a 3J-inch pipe 100 feet long, a capacity of 18.3 pounds for the above conditions. Looking in Table XVI, we find the correction factor for 450 feet to be .47. Then 18.3 X .47 = 8.6 pounds, the quantity of steam which will be discharged if the pipe is 450 feet long. Examples involving the use of Tables XIV, XV, and XVI in combination, are quite common in practice. The following example will show the method of calculation : What size...
Сторінка 29 - Figs. 10 and 11 show common methods of running the pipes in the basement. The first gives the best results, and should be used where the basement is of sufficient height to allow it. A damper should be placed in each pipe near the furnace, for regulating the flow of air to the different rooms, or for shutting it off entirely when desired.
Сторінка 52 - " the condensation drains back through the same pipes, and is carried along with the flow of steam to the extreme end of the main, where it is returned to the boiler. The main is made large, and of the same size throughout its entire length. It must be given a good pitch to insure satisfactory results.
Сторінка 98 - Connections. temperature of 170 degrees in the radiators. Variations may be made, however, to suit the existing conditions of outside temperature. We have seen that an average...
Сторінка 108 - The ordinary pet-cock air-valve is the most reliable for hot-water radiators, although there are several forms of automatic valves which are claimed to give satisfaction. One of these is shown in Fig. 104. This is similar in construction to a steam trap. As air collects in the chamber, and the water-line is lowered, the float drops, and in so doing opens a small valve at the top of the chamber, which allows the air to escape. As the water flows in to take its place, the float is forced upward and...
Сторінка 60 - We have seen that the higher the initial pressure with a given drop, the greater will be the quantity of steam discharged ; therefore a smaller pipe will be required to deliver 80 pounds of steam at 40 pounds than at 3 pounds initial pressure From Table XV, we find that a given pipe will discharge 1 . 7 times as much steam per minute with a pressure of 40 pounds and a drop of 3 pounds, as it would with a pressure of 3 pounds, dropping to zero. From this it is evident that if we divide 80 by 1 .7...
Сторінка 95 - ... temperature. When water is heated it expands, and thus a given volume becomes lighter and tends to rise, and the cooler water flows in to take its place; if the application of heat is kept up, the circulation thus produced is continuous. The velocity of flow depends upon the difference in temperature between the supply and return, and the height of the radiator above the boiler. The horizontal distance of the radiator from the boiler is also an important factor affecting the velocity of flow....
Сторінка 78 - Mixing warm air tends to rise, and the cold air to fall, with the result of a more or less complete mixture, as shown. It is often desirable to warm a room at times when ventilation is not necessary, as in the case of living rooms during the night, or for quick warming in the morning. A register and damper for air rotation should be provided Li this case.
Сторінка 102 - Fig. 90. A single riser is carried directly to the expansion tank, from which branches are taken to supply the various drops to which the radiators are connected. An important advantage in connection with this system is that the air rises at once to thewexpansion tank, and escapes through the vent, so that air-valves are not required on the radiators. Second. Floor FHryt Floor TcinU Fig. 90. "Overhead" Distribution System of Hot.Water Piping.

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