gives us the air and manners of an outrageous madman, is another most exquisite pleasure!

Pleasure is the rock which 3 most young people split upon;3 they launch out with crowded sails in quest of it, but without a compass to direct their course, or sufficient reason to steer the vessel; therefore pain and shame, instead of pleasure, are the returns of their voyage.

A man of pleasure, in the vulgar acceptation of that phrase, means only a beastly drunkard, an abandoned rake, and profligate swearer. We should weigh the present enjoyment of our pleasures against the unavoidable consequences of them, and then let our common sense determine 5 the choice.

We may enjoy the pleasures of the table and the wine, but stop short in the pains inseparably annexed to an excess in either.6 Good company are not fond of having a man reeling drunk among them; nor is it agreeable to see another tearing his hair and blaspheming, for having lost at play more than he is able to pay.

1 That they imagine.

2 Indirect speech, as the writer of this article does not accede to the opinion of such persons as evince those maxims.

3 See Exercise XXII. note 2; also Gram. p. 5, note 4.

4 To search for it. Το search for suchen (accus.). 5 The governing infinitive last. See Gram. p. 65.

6

Say, in both. 7 Singular number after collectives.

8 Because he has lost.

To adopt nachjagen (separable verb, dative), pleasure Vergnügen (Vergnügen, as the most of the substantives, which originally are infinitives, is not used in the plural number), to call by a name mit einem Namen nennen, to mistake (as neuter verb) sich irren (reflective verb), certainly (especially

in ironical assertions) fürwahr, scrape Verlegenheit, f.; to split (to wreck) scheitern, the rock die Klippe, upon an (dat.); to launch out auslaufen, with crowded sails mit vollen Segeln. Sufficient, is either to be expressed by the adjective hinreichend, or by the adverb genug, concerning which latter, see Gram. p. 77. 3, and say, Verstand genug. The returns die Früchte, plur. f.; the vulgar acceptation die gemeine Bedeutung, abandoned liederlich, weigh against abwågen gegen, of them (gen. plur.) derselben, common sense gesunder Menschenverstand, to stop short vermeiden, accus.; to be fond of having (say, to have willingly) gern haben (thus, he is fond of going to the theatre er geht gern ins Theater); to tear one's own hair fich die Haare ausraufen, to blaspheme fluchen.

XXIV.

Never neglect Old Acquaintance.

Never neglect or despise old1 for the sake of new or shining acquaintance; which would be ungrateful on your 2 part, and never forgiven on theirs.2 Take care 3 to make as many personal friends, and as 4. few personal enemies as possible. I do not mean by personal friends, intimate and confidential friends, of which no man can hope to have half a dozen in the whole course of his life; but I mean friends in the common acceptation of the word; that is, people who speak well of you, and who would rather do you good than harm, consistently with their own interest, and no farther.

1 Say, old acquaintances for the sake of new or shining. 2 On your part von dir, on theirs, say, by them.

3 Take care to make suche zu machen (see Exercise XXI. 3), take care to do that suche dieß zu thun, take care not

to do that hute dich, dieß zu subsequent als: as wise as

thun.

4 The preceding as, in one or more instances, is so, the

valiant so weise als tapfer, as wise and as kind as valiant so weise und freundlich als tapfer.

For the sake um...willen (double preposition, see Gram. p. 50), to mean by verstehen unter, that is das heißt (abridged, d. h., or das ist, abridged d.i.), rather lieber, consistently with their own interest so weit es mit ihrem eigenen Interesse besteht (as far as it is consistent with, &c.).

SECTION IV.

I.

The Vanity of those Pursuits which have Human Approbation for their Chief Object,

Among the emirs and vizirs, the sons of valour and of wisdom who stood at the corners of the Indian throne, to assist the councils, or conduct the wars of the posterity of Timur, the first place was long held by Morad, the son of Hanuth. Morad, having signalised himself in many battles and sieges, was rewarded with the government of a province, from which the fame of his wisdom and moderation was wafted to the pinnacles of Agra, by the prayers of those whom his administration made happy. The emperor called him into his presence, and gave into his hands the keys of riches, and the sabre of command. The voice of Morad was heard from the cliffs of Taurus to the Indian Ocean. Every tongue faltered in his presence. and every eye was cast down before him.

Morad lived many years in prosperity: every day increased his wealth and extended his influence. The sages repeated his maxims; the captains of thousands waited his commands. Competition withdrew into the cavern of envy; and discontent trembled

at her own murmurs. But human greatness is short and transitory as the odour of incense in the fire. The sun grew weary of gilding the palaces of Morad; the clouds of sorrow gathered round his head; and the tempest of hatred roared about his dwelling.

Morad saw ruin hastily approaching. The first that forsook him were his poets. Their example was

followed by all those whom he had rewarded for contributing to his pleasures; and only a few, whose virtues had entitled them to favour, were now to be seen in his hall or chambers. He felt his danger, and prostrated himself at the foot of the throne. His accusers were confident and loud; his friends stood contented with frigid neutrality; and the voice of truth was overborne by clamour. He was divested of his power, deprived of his acquisitions, and condemned to pass the rest of his life on his hereditary

estate.

Morad had been so long accustomed to crowds and business, supplicants and flattery, that he knew not how to fill up his hours in solitude. He saw with regret the sun rise, to force on his eyes a new day for which he had no use; and envied the savage that wanders in the deserts, because he has no time vacant from the calls of nature, but is always chasing his prey, or sleeping in his den.

His discontent in2 time vitiated his constitution, and a slow disease seized 3 upon him. He refused physic, neglected exercise, and lay down on his couch peevish and restless, rather afraid to die than desirous to live.

1 How he should fill up. 2 In time nach und nach.

G

3 To seize upon tefallen, (accusative).