The Chemical Gazette, Том 141856 |
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acetic acid action æther alcohol alcoholic solution alkaline alumina aluminium ammonia ammonium analysis anhydrous antimony appears barium baryta body boiling calcined carbonic acid cast iron cent centims chemical chinoline chloride cobalt colourless compound concentrated contains converted cooling copper crystalline crystals cyanide decomposed decomposition dilute dissolved distilled dried at 212 employed equiv evaporated excess experiments ferrocyanide of potassium filtered fluid formula furnished fused glass heated hydrated insoluble iodine latter lead lime liquid magnesia manganese mass metallic mixed mixture muriatic acid neutral nitrate nitric acid nitrogen numbers obtained odour oxalic oxalic acid oxide oxygen perchloride peroxide phosphate phosphoric acid phosphorus platinum portion potassium powder precipitate prepared produced protochloride pure reaction residue salt separated silicium silver small quantity soda sodium soluble solution of potash substance sulphate sulphuric acid temperature tion tube urea vapour washed water of crystallization whilst yellow zinc
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Сторінка 335 - This having been done, and the fluid iron run in, a rapid boiling up of the metal will be heard going on within the vessel. the metal being tossed violently about and dashed from side to side, shaking the vessel by the force with which it moves. From the throat of the converting vessel, flame will then immediately issue, accompanied by a few bright sparks.
Сторінка 336 - At that stage of the process immediately following the boil, the whole of the crude iron has passed into the condition of cast steel of ordinary quality. By the continuation of the process the steel so produced gradually loses its small remaining portion of carbon, and passes successively from hard to soft steel, and from soft steel to steely iron, and eventually to very soft iron; hence, at a certain period of the process any quality of metal may be obtained.
Сторінка 335 - At one side of the vessel, about half way up from the bottom, there is a hole made for running in the crude metal, and on the opposite side there is a tap-hole stopped with loam, by means of which the iron is run out at the end of the process. In practice this converting vessel may be made of any convenient size, but I prefer that it should not hold less than one, or more than five tons, of fluid iron at each charge.
Сторінка 335 - On this new field of inquiry, he set out with the assumption that crude iron contains about 5 per cent, of carbon ; that carbon cannot exist at a white heat in the presence of oxygen without uniting therewith, and producing combustion ; that such combustion would proceed with a rapidity dependent on the amount of surface of carbon exposed ; and, lastly, that the temperature which the metal would acquire would also be dependent on the rapidity with which the oxygen and carbon were made to combine...
Сторінка 357 - ... of an ordinary construction. By thus subjecting the granules of iron in presence of the sparry iron ore to a melting heat, the enwrapping oxides will first effect a partial decarbonization of the granulated iron, which decarbonization will be limited in amount according to the size of the granules operated upon ; and by reason of the continued application of heat, the iron will melt and separate, with the assistance of the melting residues of...
Сторінка 417 - Since we find that the hydrogen-molecules in polybasic acids are replaceable by two or more molecules of different metals or radicals, — witness tartrate of potassium and sodium, oxalovinate of potassium, — the idea naturally suggests itself that the biatomic alcohol-forming radicals may be capable of uniting two molecules of different elements or compounds of the oxygen-group: It is probable, for instance, that the ethionic acid, discovered by M. Magnus, may be such a compound, namely ethylene-sulphuro-sulp...
Сторінка 336 - ... which will thus wash and cleanse the metal most thoroughly from the silica and other earthy bases which are combined with the crude iron, while the sulphur and other volatile matters which cling so tenaciously to iron at ordinary temperatures are driven off, the sulphur combining with the oxygen and forming sulphurous acid gas. The loss in weight of crude iron during its conversion into an ingot of malleable iron was found on a mean...
Сторінка 357 - ... per cent. The quality of the steel is capable of being by this process considerably modified. Thus the finer the pig iron is granulated, the softer will be the steel made therefrom. The softer sorts of welding cast steel may be obtained by an addition of good wrought iron in small pieces, and the harder qualities by adding charcoal in various proportions to the before-mentioned mixture.
Сторінка 336 - But as its tensile strength is some thirty or forty per cent greater than bar iron, it follows that for most purposes a much less weight of metal may be used; so that taken in that way the semi-steel will form a much cheaper metal than any that we are at present acquainted with.
Сторінка 356 - This process is founded on the well-known fact, that cast iron enwrapped or surrounded by any oxygenized materials, and subjected to a cementing heat for a given time, will yield up a portion of its carbon, which will combine with the oxygen driven off from the surrounding materials, and form carbonic oxide or carbonic acid gas. If this process...