Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Том 2Appleton, 1893 |
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Сторінка 6
... Effect of improvements in production , on international values , . The preceding theory not complete , 7. International values depend not solely on the quantities de- manded , but also on the means of production available in each ...
... Effect of improvements in production , on international values , . The preceding theory not complete , 7. International values depend not solely on the quantities de- manded , but also on the means of production available in each ...
Сторінка 7
... Effect of a sudden increase of a metallic currency , or of the sudden creation of bank notes or other substitutes for money , 3. Effect of the increase of an inconvertible paper currency . Real and nominal exchange , • 194 199 CHAPTER ...
... Effect of a sudden increase of a metallic currency , or of the sudden creation of bank notes or other substitutes for money , 3. Effect of the increase of an inconvertible paper currency . Real and nominal exchange , • 194 199 CHAPTER ...
Сторінка 8
... Effect of the progress of society in moderating fluctuations of that tendency from time to time counteracted by improve- ments in production , except the products of agriculture and mining , which have a tendency to rise , 280 • 282 ...
... Effect of the progress of society in moderating fluctuations of that tendency from time to time counteracted by improve- ments in production , except the products of agriculture and mining , which have a tendency to rise , 280 • 282 ...
Сторінка 11
... effects of taxes on necessaries , 4 . how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum , 5. Effects of discriminating duties , 6. Effects produced on international exchange by duties on ex- ports and on imports , CHAPTER V. Of some ...
... effects of taxes on necessaries , 4 . how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum , 5. Effects of discriminating duties , 6. Effects produced on international exchange by duties on ex- ports and on imports , CHAPTER V. Of some ...
Сторінка 12
... Effects . 1. Effects of imperfect security of person and property , 2. Effects of over - taxation , • PAGE • • 489 . 491 493 3. Effects of imperfection in the system of the laws , and in the administration of justice , . CHAPTER IX ...
... Effects . 1. Effects of imperfect security of person and property , 2. Effects of over - taxation , • PAGE • • 489 . 491 493 3. Effects of imperfection in the system of the laws , and in the administration of justice , . CHAPTER IX ...
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100 days labour 17 yards advantage amount assignats bank notes Bank of England bankers bills of exchange book credits borrow bullion cheaper cheapness cheques circulation circumstances coin commerce consumers cost of carriage cost of production dealers debt depend depreciation diminished discounted duction equal equation of international equivalent exactly exchange value exist expense exports fall foreign commodities foreign countries France Germany gold and silver greater holders imports increase international demand international values issue issuers labour and capital land law of cost law of value less loans means medium mode modities obtain paid paper currency payments permanent person Poland portion pounds pounds sterling precious metals produce profit proportion purchasing power quantity of money rate of interest rise of prices seignorage sell shillings speculation supply supposed supposition theory things tion trade transactions value of money wages wanted whole yards of cloth yards of linen
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Сторінка 336 - I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on ; that the trampling, crushing, elbowing, and treading on each other's heels, which form the existing type of social life, are the most desirable lot of human kind, or anything but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress.
Сторінка 395 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Сторінка 339 - V( there much satisfaction in contemplating the world with nothing left to the spontaneous activity of nature; with every rood of land brought into cultivation, which is capable of growing food for human beings ; every flowery waste or natural pasture ploughed up, all quadrupeds or birds which are not domesticated for man's use exterminated as his rivals for food, every hedgerow or superfluous tree rooted out, and scarcely a place left where a wild shrub or flower could grow without being eradicated...
Сторінка 395 - The certainty of what each individual ought to pay is, in taxation, a matter of so great importance, that a very considerable degree of inequality, it appears, I believe, from the experience of all nations, is not near so great an evil as a very small degree of uncertainty.
Сторінка 569 - Laisserfaire, in short, should be the general practice : every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a certain evil.
Сторінка 395 - Fourthly, by subjecting the people to the frequent visits and the odious examination of the tax-gatherers, it may expose them to much unnecessary trouble, vexation, and oppression...
Сторінка 338 - Under this twofold influence, society would exhibit these leading features: a well-paid and affluent body of labourers; no enormous fortunes, except what were earned and accumulated during a single lifetime; but a much larger body of persons than at present, not only exempt from the coarser toils, but with sufficient leisure, both physical and mental, from mechanical details, to cultivate freely the graces of life, and afford examples of them to the classes less favourably circumstanced for their...
Сторінка 189 - Gold and silver having been chosen for the general medium of circulation, they are, by the competition of commerce, distributed in such proportions amongst the different countries of the world, as to accommodate themselves to the natural traffic which would take place if no such metals existed, and the trade between countries were purely a trade of barter.
Сторінка 340 - Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being.
Сторінка 396 - Equality of taxation, therefore, as a maxim of politics, means equality of sacrifice. It means apportioning the contribution of each person towards the expenses of government, so that he shall feel neither %more nor less inconvenience from his share of the payment than every other person experiences from his.