Heat a Mode of MotionD. Appleton, 1890 - 591 стор. |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
absorbed absorption Acetic ether action amount of heat Amylene aqueous vapour atmosphere atoms augmented ball beam bismuth bisulphide of carbon body boiling calorific carbon-points carbonic acid cause cell chemical chilled cold colour combustion condensation cool copper cube cylinder deflection degree diathermancy earth effect emitted energy ethereal waves expansion experiment experimental tube fall feet flame flask force galvanometer gases glass heat-rays hydrogen incandescent inch intercepted invisible rays iodine Joule lampblack light liquid luminous magnet matter Mayer mechanical Melloni mercury metal molecular molecules motion needle nitrite of amyl observed obtained olefiant gas oxygen particles pass pile placed plate platinum polarised pressure produced quantity of heat radiant heat radiation raise rock-salt Rumford sensible solar solid source of heat space spectrum substance Sulphuric ether surface temperature thermo-pile thermometer thickness tion transparent velocity vessel vibrations vis viva visible warm waves weight wire
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Сторінка 506 - The sun's rays are the ultimate source of almost every motion which takes place on the surface of the earth. By its heat are produced all winds, and those disturbances in the electric equilibrium of the atmosphere which give rise to the phenomena of lightning, and probably also to those of terrestrial magnetism and the aurora.
Сторінка 43 - Though there was, in fact, nothing that could justly be considered as surprising in this event, yet I acknowledge fairly that it afforded me a degree of childish pleasure, which, were I ambitious of the reputation of a grave philosopher, I ought most certainly rather to hide than to discover.
Сторінка 46 - It is hardly necessary to add, that any thing which any insulated body, or system of bodies, can continue to furnish without limitation, cannot possibly be a material substance: and it appears to me to be extremely difficult, if not quite impossible, to form any distinct idea of any thing, capable of being excited, and communicated, in the manner the heat was excited and communicated in these experiments, except it be MOTION.
Сторінка 49 - When I say of Motion that it is as the genus of which heat is a species, I would be understood to mean, not that heat generates motion or that motion generates heat (though both are true in certain cases), but that Heat itself, its essence and quiddity, is Motion and nothing else...
Сторінка 181 - I then flattened two opposite sides of the globe with a heavy hammer, by which the water was necessarily contracted into less space ; a sphere being the figure of largest capacity. And when the hammering had no more effect in making the water shrink, I made use of a mill or press ; till the water impatient of further pressure exuded through the solid lead like a fine dew. I then computed the space lost by the compression, and concluded that this was the extent of compression which the water had suffered...
Сторінка 507 - ... our coal strata. By them the waters of the sea are made to circulate in vapour through the air, and irrigate the land, producing springs and rivers. By them are produced all disturbances of the chemical equilibrium of the elements of nature, which, by a series of compositions and decompositions, give rise to new products, and originate a transfer of materials.
Сторінка 505 - America groves of tropical palms flourished, in which gigantic lizards, and, after them, elephants, whose mighty remains are still buried in the earth, found a home. Different geologists, proceeding from different premises, have sought to estimate the length of the above period, and they set it down from one to nine millions of years.
Сторінка 480 - ... at the means frequently employed by gardeners, to protect tender plants from cold, as it appeared to me impossible, that a thin mat, or any such flimsy substance, could prevent them from attaining the temperature of the atmosphere, by which alone I thought them liable to be injured. But, when I had learned, that bodies on the surface of the earth become, during a still and serene night, colder than the atmosphere, by radiating their heat to the heavens, I perceived immediately a just reason for...
Сторінка 515 - And still, notwithstanding this enormous drain, in the lapse of human history we are unable to detect a diminution of his store. Measured by our largest terrestrial standards, such a reservoir of power is infinite ; but it is our privilege to rise above these standards, and to regard the sun himself as a speck in infinite extension, — a mere drop in the universal sea. We analyse the space in which he is immersed, and which is the vehicle of his power.
Сторінка 514 - Given the masses and distances of the planets, we can infer the perturbations consequent on their mutual attractions. Given the nature of a disturbance in water, air, or ether, we can infer from the properties of the medium how its particles will be affected. In all this we deal with physical laws, and the mind runs freely along the line which connects the phenomena, from beginning to end. But when we endeavour to pass, by a similar process, from the region of physics to that of thought, we meet...