late, as the order practically expires at C because the train has no arriving time shown at D, and, therefore, is not required to arrive at D two hours late.

Right-of-Track Order.-The intention of a right-of-track order is simply to reverse the rights of the trains named. For example, No. 2 is a train of the same class as No. 1, but it is a train of superior direction; if No. 1 is given right over No. 2 from G to A, No. I becomes the superior train within the limits named. The trains will proceed exactly as before but with the difference that No. 2 must clear the time of No. I instead of No. I clearing the time of No. 2. After such an order has been given, if it later becomes desirable to make a meeting point between No. I and No. 2 at D, such meeting order does not in any way supersede or affect the right of track order, except that No. I cannot proceed beyond D before No. 2 arrives. No. 2 in such a case must take siding at D. In other words No. 2 must be governed in its movements against No. 1, when No. I holds a right-of-track order over No. 2, the same as No. I governed with respect to No. 2.

was before

No. 1, after being given right over No. 2, may be given an order to wait at certain stations for No. 2, and No. 2, being an inferior train, can use such time under the same restrictions as any other inferior train.

Train Order Date. -The date of a train order bears the same relation to the text of a train order as the date of a letter does to the text of a letter, and no more. The date and time are not of special importance, except as a matter of record, only when the date or time seems to be unreasonable. That is, if the date or time seems to indicate that there has been some error made, then attention should be called to it. The Standard Code of Train Rules does not require that the time and date of an order must conform to a certain time; neither is it necessary that the date of an order correspond with the date of the train which it is issued for. Suppose that No. I is due to leave its initial station at I A.M., in case an order is issued before midnight and dated Feb. 1, such order is good for No. 1 of Feb. 2, the fact that it was issued before midnight making no difference at all. Time and date must `always be filled in, but they are intended to in

dicate when the order was sent, as a matter of record, and not to govern the use of the order.

In connection with this it must be remembered that Rule 220 provides that a train order once in effect continues so until fulfilled, superseded, or annulled.

It is true that some roads make a practice of reissuing orders at midnight in cases where an order is kept standing for all trains; but this is not done because the order would expire at midnight, neither is it done because the order would not be good for a train of a date other than that which appears on the train order; but it is done to keep the order up-to-date so that it may be kept in the train dispatcher's book of the current day.

Fulfilling an Order

To fulfill an order every provision contained in an order must be executed. That is, if No. 1 holds an order to meet No. 2 at B, the order is not fulfilled until No. I has actually met No. 2 at B. If No. I holds an order to meet No. 2 at B with the further statement that No. 2 will take siding, then the order is not fulfilled until No. I meets ́

No. 2 at B and No. 2 has actually taken the siding for No. 1. If No. 2 is directed to wait at B, until I A.M. for No. 1, the order is fulfilled when No. I arrives at B, or if No. I fails to make B on the order, then it is fulfilled when the time expires at I A.M.

When a train is to be run to its terminal or to the end of double track for an opposing train, a time order or a right-of-track order should be used. A meet order is objectionable because under such circumstances trains seldom meet, and unless they do actually meet the order remains unfulfilled, regardless of the fact that the object of the order has been accomplished.

Superseding An Order.-To supersede an order the words "instead of" must always be used except where the rules specially permit of a supersedure without the use of such words. Some of the examples in Form F are so worded that they supersede a former example without the use of the words, "instead of." When an order is superseded only such portion of the order is affected as is referred to by the order containing the term "instead of." For example: No. I holds an order reading, "No. 1 meet No.

4 and No. 6 at B." Later, No. I gets an order reading, "No. I meet No. 4 at C instead of B.” In such a case the only portion of the first order which is superseded is the meeting point between No. 1 and No. 4; that part of the first order referring to No. 6 still remains in effect.

When Schedule Number is Used in an Order all Sections are Included.-In case the following order is issued, "No. I meet No. 2 at B," such order includes all sections which are running on either schedule. For example, if there were four sections on No. I all four sections would be given copies of the order and each section could go to B on the order to meet No. 2.

In case No. 45 is given an order to run ahead of No. 1 from A to H, if there are two sections of No. I and the first section is given orders to pass No. 45 at C, No. 45 may proceed to H ahead of the second section, because all sections are included in the order for the reason that No. I is named by its schedule number alone.

After No. 2 has been directed by order to meet No. 1 at B, if No. 2 later receives an order to meet 1st No. 1 at C instead of B, it supersedes the first order only so far as first No. 1 is