7. Thou little tricksy puck With antic toys so funnily bestuck Light as the singing bird that wings the air Why Jane he'll set his pinafore afire Thou imp of mirth and joy In love's dear chain so strong so bright a link THE HYPHEN. Rule 28.-The hyphen is used to connect the parts of a compound word: as Dining-table. Fellow-student. Rule 29. The hyphen is placed at the end of a line to show that a part of the last word has been carried over to the next line: as It was the hall of William Rufus, the hall which had resounded with acclamations at the inauguration of thirty kings. THE CARET. Rule 30.-If a letter, word, or expression is omitted, place a caret where the omission occurs, and interline the omitted part: as with THE QUOTATION MARKS. Rule 31.- A direct quotation is enclosed within quotation marks; the inverted commas are placed at the beginning and the apostrophes at the close. If by the introduction of explanatory remarks, as, he said, the quo tation is separated into parts, each part must be enclosed within quotation marks. Rule 32.- A quotation within a quotation is enclosed in single quotation marks. (See pages 35 and 36.) Rule 33. In a succession of quoted paragraphs the inverted commas are used at the beginning of each paragraph, but the apostrophes are used at the close of the last paragraph only. (See pages 35 and 36.) REMARK 1.-The first word of a direct quotation begins with a capital. This must be understood to refer to the whole quotation, not to the parts into which it may be divided by explanatory remarks. The capitalization within the quotation must be determined by the ordinary rules. If the quotation consists of a single word or a part of a sentence the capital is not generally used. REMARK 2.-A direct quotation is generally preceded by a colon; if the quotation consists of but a single sentence the comma is often used. REMARK 3.- An exclamation or interrogation point, if belonging to the quotation, must stand within the quotation marks. Apply the preceding rules to the following examples: 1. "Civility," said Lady Montague, "costs nothing and buys everything." 2. "Beginning retreat!" cried Napoleon. 3. "To the persevering mortal," said Zoroaster, "the blessed Immortals are swift." 4. Some one has said, "What an argument for prayer is contained in the words, 'Our Father, which art in Heaven!'" (For further Examples and for the distinction between Direct and Indirect Quotation see Principle XVII.) Exercise 23.- Punctuate, and give reasons. 1. Eye has not seen! repeated blind Muriel thoughtfully can people see there Yes my child There is no darkness at all She paused a minute, and said earnestly I want to go—I want very much to go How long do you think it will be before the angels come for me Many many years my precious one said I shudderingly for truly she looked so like them that I began to fear they were close at hand 2. Enderley is just the same said John. Twelve years have made no change-except in us. And he looked fondly at his wife. I think the chorus and comment on all life might be included in two brief phrases given by our friend Shakespeare, one to Hamlet the other to Othello "Tis very strange and 'Tis better as it is. 3. Passengers and crew men women and children crowded the forward part of the ship. John Maynard stood at the helm. The flames burst forth in a sheet of fire. Clouds of smoke arose. The Captain cried out through his trumpet John Maynard Aye aye sir Are you at the helm Aye aye sir How does she head South-east by east sir Head her south-east and run her ashore, said the Captain COMBINATION OF DETACHED ELEMENTS. By the expression detached elements is meant the different statements into which a sentence may be resolved. Take for example the following sentence: Having these powerful spirits obedient to his will, Prospero could, by their means, command the winds and the waves of the sea. This may be resolved into the following detached ele ments: They were pow- Prospero had these spirits obedient to his will. erful spirits. Prospero could command the winds. mand the waves of the sea. This he could do by means of these spirits. Exercise 24.-Below are given several groups of detached elements. You are required to combine each group into one well arranged simple sentence. EXAMPLE OF DETACHED ELEMENTS.-Henry of Navarre was placed upon the throne of France. It was done by a tragical event. It was done suddenly. He was the great champion of Protestantism. COMBINED.-Suddenly, and by a tragical event, Henry of Navarre, the great champion of Protestantism, was placed upon the throne of France. 1. The negotiations had been nearly concluded. This had been done by the Earl of Bristol. He was a special ambassador to the court. The court was that of the young king Philip IV. Philip IV. was brother of the Infanta. The negotiations were for the marriage of Charles with the Spanish princess. 2. They advanced against the champions. They advanced together. Their spears were levelled. Their ranks were closed. It was a sight to make the bravest shrink. 3. Washington possessed ample means. He resided upon his estate in Virginia. This estate was called Mt. Vernon. He was a plain country gentleman. He managed his property with a skilful economy. He engaged in field sports. He read and meditated upon the past and the present. This he did with intelligent curiosity. He was hard pressed He sent the bat his 4. The eagle was the general of the birds. by his enemies. His enemies were the beasts. commands to join the army of the birds. The swallow carried his commands. It was in vain. 5. Pan was a rustic god. He was a delightful creature. He was a grotesque creature. He had goat's horns and a tail. He had a beard, a pug-nose, and hoofs. / Apollo once got into a quarrel with 1 him. This was during Apollo's exile from heaven. It was while he was wandering about on earth. 6. Suddenly Pluto appeared. Pluto is the stern god of the underworld. The entrance of Hades yawned. Pluto rose up from it. He was in his chariot. He drove four coal-black horses. The horses were snorting flames and smoke from their nostrils. 7. Every year these birds visited the tomb of Memnon. They were faithful and loving birds. They cleared the ground of weeds. They brought water in the hollow of their wings. They brought it from the river Esopus. With this water they sprinkled the ground. They kept it green. 8. Here he found the king of day. The king was dressed in a purple garment. It was splendid. He was seated on a throne. The throne sparkled all over with brilliant emeralds. He had a diadem upon his head. The diadem had bright rays. 9. The huntsman was brave. He was flushed with victory. He boldly dared the stranger to appear and maintain his claim to the queen of the valley. The stranger was the one who wore the white jerkin. The beautiful Clothilde was the queen of the valley. 10. He passed in at the central door. He slipped softly over the floor of mosaics. He knelt. His companion knelt. They knelt at the little altar of the Virgin. The altar was upon the left. 11. A priest passed out of the temple gates. This he did ten days before the festival. He was dressed in the livery of the god. He bore a bunch of flowers in one hand. He bore a little flute of clay in the other. Exercise 25.-Combine each of the following groups so as to make one well arranged complex or compound complex sentence. 1. Pocahontas was a beautiful Indian girl. She had saved the life of Smith. She was married to a young Englishman. His name was John Rolfe. 2. An English force soon after landed at Dieppe. It was under the command of Lord Willoughby. This assistance was timely. The king was thus encouraged to continue the contest. The contest might otherwise have been hopeless. 3. Robert was the eldest son of the Earl of Essex. He was born in 1567. He was to be brought up in the household of Lord Burleigh. This was at the request of the Earl. 4. In 1566 a Dominican monk became pope. He was a monk of the severest life. He was a zealot. He had distinguished himself as an inquisitor. He assumed the title of Pius V. 5. The fighting went on. It became evening. Then the royal |