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States. But I cannot say that honest The only remaining objection which democrats are altogether to be laughed need be mentioned has been very at, for rightly estimating the effects of operative with the vulgar, for whom a literature exclusively foreign, and alone it could have been intended. It generally adverse to the manners and is said that England, however nearly institutions of a people whose strength allied, is still a foreign country ; that is to “dwell alone, and not to be her writers write for their own countrynumbered among the nations."

men; that, so far as they are conIf you are meditating an article for cerned, America is a mere accident; Maga on American copyright, you and that consequently, right_has may employ my information for the nothing to do with the case. It is purpose; but it will not be fair to conceded that the comity of nations leave out of view the most effi- may furnish grounds for a fair concient objections which are urged by sideration of what is policy; but it is anti-copyright politicians, two of denied that moral obligation invests which I have not as yet mentioned. the British author with any claim to It is said to be against American in- literary property in America. I must terests to grant copyright, because the let you know how handsomely the American value of British copyrights answer has been put by Americans will far exceed the British value of themselves. The Boston reviewers American copyrights. Whether this say,*-" It is true we are distinct be true or not, the argument is worth nations—scarcely more so, however, nothing, unless it be followed by the than the different Italian states. We conclusion — therefore it is expedient have, like them, a community of to steal. Yet, perhaps, if the experi- language, and although an ocean rolls ment were tried, the assertion would between us, the improvements in not prove to be true. The most navigation have brought us nearer to valuable American copyrights are each other, for all practical purposes, those of children's schoolbooks, in than is the case with some of the which extraordinary ingenuity has nations of Italy. Yet such is the been shown, and which are generally indifference of our government to the such as, with small emendations, interests of a national literature, that would become very popular in Eng- our authors are still open to the land. But however it may be at depredations of foreign pirates ; and present — since the present standard what is not less disgraceful, the British literature of England can never be author, from whose stores of wisdom copyrighted, who can doubt that, and wit we are nourished, is turned with a more liberal system, the land over, in like manner, to the tender of Washington Irving would breed mercies of our gentlemen of trade, such popular authors, as would soon for their own exclusive benefit, and very nearly equalize the exchanges, with perfect indifference to his equiwhile America would still be im- table claims." The New York Remensely the gainer in the increase of view * strongly reprobates the same her celebrated men, commanding no outrages, especially between two longer a merely provincial reputation, nations descended from a common but taking rank in the broad world, stock, speaking the same language, and ensuring foreign rewards, with whose political and civil institutions, universal renown. At all events though differing in form, are essentially honesty is always policy. Rising the same in their liberal spirit and free to the great standard of right, this principles-between two nations who country would soon find her reward ; are ONE PEOPLE.” This is a sentiment if but in that wealth of self-respect which even you, my dear Tory, will which comes only with a conscience not be unwilling to reciprocate; and void of offence, and which no country I'll tell you when I felt its truth with can possess that is not nationally great peculiar force. I was walking in a and generous,

or at least honest quiet part of this city the other day, enough to pay for what it needs, and when I saw at a little distance & appropriates, and enjoys.

mutilated statue of marble, represent

* North American Review, vol, liv., p. 355.

+ Vol. iv., p. 300.

ing some one of senatorial dignity in a Roman toga. As I drew near I discovered an inscription at its foot, which informed me that it was a grateful tribute, erected by the people of the province of New York in 1775, to WILLIAM PITT. During the revolution which immediately followed, it had been lost, and was only dug up this year from the dirt and rubbish of an obscure part of this great metropolis. It comes again to light, to remind America that, when she reckons up the earliest champions of her rights, she must never forget how much she owes to that noble British statesman. It thrilled me to stand before that silent witness of a brotherhood which revolutions cannot change. That England and America are twain is politically for the benefit of each; that they are one flesh is the unalterable fact which perfects the prosperity of both. The reality of their union, which that marble attests, is as fixed as the immoveable past; and I felt it enough that each people can boast,"That CHATHAM's language is their mother tongue."

How good it is, then, to strengthen the bond by which Almighty God has made two households still one family, especially when so many ties of mutual interests, commerce, and literature work together to corroborate the operation of nature!

Speaking of Chatham, I am reminded of America's great friend in the other House, and wish I could quote to Congress what was uttered in her behalf, in her darkest hour, by the noble-hearted Burke.*" Every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter. We balance inconveniences; we give and take; we remit some rights that we may enjoy others.

As we

must give away some natural liberty to enjoy civil advantages, so we must sacrifice some civil liberties for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire." This is what the orator called so beautifully "the chords of a man;" and when America has well digested a principle thus laid down for her sake in the Parliament of England, she will feel that her political right to

refuse just protection to the British author will be a moral right only when she is able to forego the advantages of literary communion and fellowship with the British empire.

This matter of copyright has been so naturally debated as concerning the Anglo-Saxon race alone, that I too have written as if the same principles (though with less glaring necessity) did not extend to all nations and languages of the earth. But I, for one, shall not be content with less than their universal application. Happy, indeed, will be the day when a British author puts pen to paper, feeling that he addresses himself at once to-what is almost equivalent to posterity-twenty millions of men in another hemisphere, and extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the mouths of the St Lawrence, among whom the author's is a sacred name, and when the aspiring American youth can thank his Government for making him proprietor of his literary creations wherever the law of England prevails upon the surface of the round world. But there are interests in which all men are brethren, and in which their brotherhood should be mutually and heartily conceded. Next to our holy religion is that interest which belongs to the interchange of ideas and a knowledge of each other's humanities. Best of all will be the time, then, when the literature of all Christian nations acquires an essential unity, not by spoliation and wrong, but by mutual good offices; promoting the fraternization of cotemporary literatures, and holding together that precious wealth bequeathed to the world by the bountiful and often suffering genius of bygone generations.

Forgive me, dear Godfrey, that my letter, which began with a song, should thus conclude with a sermon. It is a very long letter, and I wish I could advise you to defer the reading of it till our friend the Vicar comes again to dine at the Hall. I would get you to read the first half to him, and ask him to declaim the remainder to you ; but I know you would fall into your inveterate failing of shutting your eyes to meditate, and going into a sound sleep at the most interesting point of the discourse. Yours, &c.

To Godfrey Godfrey, Esq., &c. &c. &c.

* Speech on Conciliation with America.

EVENINGS AT SEA.-NO. II.

Our next narrator was a retired of these recollections, he would usually officer of the army, who had become hold forth with such an energy of a settler in South America, after many prosiness, that we were fain to submit years unprofitable service at home with as good a grace as possible, and abroad. He had rapidly advanced where there was no escape, and enin worldly wealth in the country of deavour to interest ourselves in his adoption, but memory seemed the adventures he had met with, and ever to do him a kindness, when it the fates and fortunes of the companbore him back to the days when he ions of his youth. The story I give first entered on life's journey ; his here, was one he told us of a young sword, and a hopeful heart, his sole officer, who had served in the regipossessions. When the subjects of ment with him. our discourse chanced to awaken any

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HENRY MEYNELL.

In the Gazette, dated" War Office, altogether such a person as one rarely 14th June, 1828," was contained the sees, either in a regiment, or elsefollowing announcement:-“ Henry where. Wardlaw Meynell, gentleman, to be As the " who is he?” is always a ensign"—the regiment does not mat- most important point of English introter, but its mess-room was honoured duction, and I would fain hope that by the presence of the above-named you may take some interest in this military aspirant one day, about two person as we proceed, you should be months after the date of his commis- told, that he is the second son of the sion. He was introduced to his bro- only brother of a bachelor squire of ther officers, examined by them from very large estate in Yorkshire ; his head to foot, shown into a bare uncom- father, a profligate and spendthrift fortable garret—of which he was in- living at Boulogne, while he and his stalled proprietor, allotted a tough old brother are adopted by the uncle. grenadier as his valet-de-chambre, His poor broken-hearted mother has and then left to his own devices till slept sweetly for many years near the dinner-time.

village church where she was wed. While the iron-fingered veteran

Eton received him when very young; was extracting the smart new uniform he there lost his Yorkshire manners, from the travelling chest, and arranging learnt to row and swim, and acquired it on the oak table, under the direct- a certain precocious knowledge of ing eye of his master, the officers in the world, and proficiency in tying a the mess-room were forming their white neckcloth. The labours of the opinions of the appearance of the new- classics and science were alike discomer, with the balmy assistance, in tasteful to him ; study of any kind he this mental effort, of strong military abhorred; yet so acquisitive was his cigars. His age was nearly twenty- intellect, retentive his memory, and one years, and he looked perhaps powerful his ability, that when he left older. His figure was tall, slight, and Eton at eighteen, few youths presented graceful, more formed than is usual in a more showy surface of information. early youth, and bespeaking strength He had had one or two narrow esand activity. His face was almost capes from expulsion for offences, in beautiful in feature and form when which the vices of maturer years were silent, but as he spoke, a certain thin- mixed up with boyish turbulence; but ness of the lips betrayed itself, and a certain element of depth and causomewhat marred its singular attrac- tion, even in these outbreaks, saved tiveness. Dark brown hair, high clear him from incurring their usual penalforehead, teeth perfect in regularity ties. He was admirable in all active and whiteness, oval outline, head and exercises, had a magnificent voice, and neck shapely, and well set on—in short singular taste and talent for music and VOL. LXII.-NO. CCCLXXXV.

2N

painting. As a social companion, he sula, but since then a severe course was brilliant when he thought fit to of Jamaica and Demerara had exexert himself; at other times he was cluded from it all wealthy and aristosilent and rather thoughtful, perhaps cratic elements; and the tablets it left too thoughtful for his years. Though behind in the West Indies were only he always lived with the most dis- raised to the memory of Smiths and sipated and uproarious set, in his Joneses, whose respective vacancies vices there was a degree of refine- had since been filled up with Joneses ment, less of the brute, more of the and Smiths. In those days the rotadevil; he did not err from impulse, tion system had not been yet adopted, but when opportunity presented it and the young gentlemen in “ crack self, he considered whether the regiments,” only knew of yellow pleasure were worth the sinning, and fevers and land-crabs, through reading if he thought it was, he sinned. He of them in books; and even through was more admired than liked among that channel, it would, perhaps, be his young companions; and those in unsafe to assert that they were much authority over him were quite uncer- informed on these subjects, or indeed tain whether he would turn out a hero on any other. or a villain.

At the head of the mess-table sat a From Eton he went to Oxford, gray-headed captain, who had been there took to dissipation and extrava- frost-bitten in Canada, wounded in the gance, neglected all rules and applica- Peninsula, and saved by an iron contion, wore out the patience of the stitution from the regimental doctor authorities, and the liberality of his and yellow fever on Brimstone Hill, uncle, and, after about a year's trial, St Kitts; and, despite his varied advenwas withdrawn from the University tures and ailments, had contrived to to save him from retiring by compul- accumulate an immense rotundity in sion. He was then sent to travel his person, and quantity and vividfor a year under the prudent care of ness of colour in his countenance. At his elder brother. It will be unne- the foot, was a tall young gentleman, cessary to track them through their with high cheekbones and a Celtic wanderings; suffice it to say, that nose, who had lately joined from Tipthey did what young gentlemen tra- perary. The colonel sat in the centre velling usually do, and visited the of one side of the table, stiff in attiplaces that every body visits, but with tude, sententious in discourse, invulthis difference, with regard to Henry nerable in vanity; a fierce-looking Meynell, that he acquired the princi- navy captain, and the meek mayor of pal European languages as he went the town, supported him to the right along, and travelled with his eyes and left. A few diners out, fathers open; what was gained with great of families, and men who played a labour by others seemed to be as a good game of billiards, and preferred gift to him. He had also begun to the society of ensigns, were the reconsider that he might at last provoke mainder of the guests; the other genhis uncle too much, and injure his tlemen in red were variations on the prospects; so that he conducted him- fat captain and the Tipperary lieuteself with caution and tolerable steadi- nant. ness during his time of travel. To The mess-room was long and narfinish this apparent reformation, a row, with a profusion of small wincommission was obtained for him in dows on both sides, causing the light an infantry regiment under a marti- to fall on every one's face. There net colonel, and a moderate allowance were two doors at each end of the provided for his support. Having room, and one at the side, which last, given this sketch of his appearance, as it led nowhere, and made a draught family, character, and antecedents, he like a blow-pipe, had been lately is now fairly entitled to take his seat stopped up with a different coloured at the.mess-table.

plaster from the rest of the wall. But His corps was what the young indeed there was such a curious warriors of the present day, call variety of draughts, that one was "rather slow ," it had, indeed, been scarcely missed;

every door and winvery much distinguished in the Penin- dow in the room sent in its current of

air, to search under the table, flare the candles, bear in in triumph the smell of burnt fat from the kitchen, and poke into the tender places of rheumatic patients; while, in spite of all these, the room was so close and redolent of dinner, that fish, flesh, and fowl were breathed in every breath. A scant and well-worn carpet covered the space on which the dinner-table stood; and portable curtains of insufficient number and enormous size ornamented a few favoured windows, waved in the erratic draughts, and tripped up incautious attendants, diffusing all the while the stale odour of tobacco smoke through the other varied smells. At one end of the room was a round table with a faded red cloth, strewn with newspapers, the corners of which had generally been abstracted for the purpose of lighting cigars,-the " Army List," the king's regulations, and the Racing Calendar. At the other end, a large screen, battered at the edges from frequent packings, diverted the course of the kitchen steam which entered by the door next it; this piece of furniture was covered with prints, some caricatures of other days, some sporting sketches-breaking cover-the Derby-fast coaches-the ring, &c. some opera beauties, on whom sportive and original ensigns had depicted enormous moustaches, and others of rather an equivocal description.

At a given signal, the covers were removed, and some dozen of ironheeled soldiers, dressed in various liveries, commenced scattering the soup and fish about with the same reckless indifference to consequences with which they would have stormed a breach. While Meynell was gradually coughing himself into a recovery from the effects of some fiercely peppered mulligatawney, he was asked by the stiff colonel to take wine, when the fat captain, and all the others at brief intervals followed the example. For some time, there was steady attention paid to eating and drinking, and but few words spoken, beyond "mutton if you please-thank you-rather under done-glass of sherry-with pleasure your health-I'll trouble you for a wing, &c." But as the dinner progressed, and the fiery wine began to tell, horses and dogs, wine

and women, guards and grievances, promotion and patronage, began to exert their influence on the discourse, and by the time the cloth was removed, every one seemed to talk louder than his neighbour, and the din was almost insupportable. Then, through the roar of the many voices, was heard an ominous shuffling behind the screen, now extended all across the room; an attuning scream of the clarionet, moan of the violin, and grunt of the bassoon, faintly foretold the coming storm, which in a few seconds burst upon the ears in the most furious form of the "overture to Zampa" by the regimental band; this continued, with variations, but scarcely a lull, for a couple of hours.

Meanwhile the bottles pass freely round, and the roar of voices continues louder and thicker than ever; some of the younger officers, mere boys, have yielded to their potent draughts, and sought their rooms; others, maddened with the wine and din, shout snatches of songs, argue vociferously, and loudly offer absurd bets, which the sporting gentlemen, who are strong in billiards, note down in little pocket-books. The band retires, whist tables are laid, brandy and water and cigars make their appearance, and the mess-room is soon in a cloud. After a couple of rubbers of whist, the colonel, and most of the older officers and guests, retire. As the door closes behind them, a flushed youth with swimming eyes and uncertain step, rushes to the table and shouts, "Now we'll make a night of it,-the bones! the bones!" Dice are soon brought, and the work of mischief begins. "Don't you play, Meynell ?” said the flushed youth. "Not tonight, thank you," was the answer. Not to-night-for to-night he is cautiously feeling his way,-the scene's new to him, he does not yet find himself at home, or on his strong point. He sits quietly down on the well-worn sofa and looks on; his head, in spite of the fiery wine and distracting band, is quite cool; he has watched himself and drunk but sparingly, and now he watches others.

The players are seated at the round table, with eager faces and straining eyes watching the chances of the game. One of the guests is among

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