of Physiology," "Text-Book of Physiology-General, Special, and Practical."

Professor Bennett had conferred upon him numerous honours and distinctions. He was President for two years of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh; Hon. Secretary and emeritus President of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh; and Fellow of numerous medical societies on the Continent. He had sent to him, about a year before his death, a special licence from the French Government entitling him to practise medicine in France. This honour was probably suggested by the fact of his having, two or three years before his death, resided in the south of France for the benefit of his health.

The enormous amount of work, both mental and physical, which Professor Bennett undertook, probably shortened his life. About 1865 his first illness appeared in the form of a throat affection. Having recovered by a sojourn in the south of France, and returned to Edinburgh, he was again prostrated in 1869. After an interval he recovered, but in the winter of 1871-2 he was obliged to return to Mentone. During the following summer, he resumed work in Edinburgh, and gave some clinical lectures. The winters of 1872-3 and of 1873-4 again forced him into a warmer climate, but each time with less benefit. In the year 1874, he resigned the Chair of the Institutes of Medicine. Last winter he spent in Nice. His last illness was owing to disease of the bladder. In August last he returned to Norwich, the place of his birth, where an operation was performed, and a stone was extracted. The debility. caused by this operation, combined with previous exhaustion of constitution, brought on death.

Undoubtedly, Professor Bennett was in the medical profession a person of great eminence. He introduced many very important changes in medical practice, and made known many new principles. His devotion to study and investigation probably led to his having the character of being somewhat unsociable and austere. But those who had the privilege of intimacy with him, know that he was truthful, honest, honourable, and earnest in every relation of life.

The Rev. Dr THOMAS JACKSON CRAWFORD joined our Society in

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1871. He was born in 1812, and died 11th October 1875, at Genoa, at which place, when he died, he was sojourning for the benefit of his health.

His father was Professor of Moral Philosophy in the United College of St Andrews.

His son Thomas received the earlier part of his education at the Edinburgh High School. To St Andrews he went back for his more advanced studies. Intending to be a clergyman of the Scotch Church, he took his degree in 1831, and in 1834 was licensed as a preacher of the gospel by the Presbytery of St Andrews. Whilst at college he attracted the special notice of the professors by the superiority of his talents, his assiduity to learn, and the excellence of the essays which he produced. The patronage of the parish of Cults being in the gift of the Principal and Masters of the United College, he was presented to that parish.

When the Royal Commission on Church Patronage in Scotland sat, it inquired into the way in which the University of St Andrews exercised its ecclesiastical rights.

On that occasion the Rev. Dr George Cook, one of the Professors of St Andrews, explained to the Commissioners the circumstances attending Mr Crawford's presentation; adding, that though his own son was then desirous of obtaining it, and though there was a party in Cults parish wishing his appointment, he did not hesitate to prefer young Crawford to his own son.

Whilst minister of Cults, he wrote a Statistical Account of the parish, which, besides other information, contains several interesting anecdotes regarding the youthful career of Sir David Wilkie, the painter, whose father had been minister at Cults.

From Cults, Mr Crawford was translated to Glamis, and six years later he was promoted to Edinburgh, to be minister of St Andrew's Church, jointly with the late Rev. Dr Thomas Clark.

About this time he received from his alma mater University, the degree of D.D. He also, shortly thereafter, was made Convener of the General Assembly's Committee on Psalmody, an appointment for which he was well fitted, on account of his knowledge of and fondness for music.

Having preached a sermon in 1847 on Jewish Missions, which was afterwards published, that circumstance led to his being selected

to take the oversight of the General Assembly's Scheme for the Conversion of the Jews.

In 1853 he entered the arena of controversy by publishing first a pamphlet, entitled "Presbyterianism Defended against the Exclusive Claims of Prelacy," and thereafter another pamphlet, entitled "Presbyterianism or Prelacy; which is the more conformable to the pattern of the Apostolic Churches." His views on these subjects were reiterated by Dr Crawford in the Address which he delivered from the Chair of the General Assembly, as Moderator, in the year 1867. This public advocacy of Presbyterianism, to the prejudice of Prelacy, drew forth some letters from Bishop Wordsworth, which were published in the "Scotsman" newspaper.

"The Fatherhood of God" was Dr Crawford's first important contribution to purely doctrinal subjects. Dr Candlish, some of whose views were controverted, replied to this publication.

At this time Dr Crawford was Professor of Divinity in Edinburgh University, having succeeded the Rev. Principal Lee in the year 1859.

He published also a volume on the "Atonement," in the year

1871.

In the year 1874 he was appointed the Baird Lecturer. His lectures, first delivered in Glasgow, were afterwards, by special request, re-delivered in Edinburgh, and were published in a volume under the title of "Mysteries of Christianity."

The immense amount of study which these lectures entailed, I have heard, weakened Dr Crawford's health, and prepared his constitution for the illness to which he ultimately succumbed.

In the winter following the publication of these lectures, he was obliged to reside in the milder climate of the south of England. He suffered from great delicacy of lungs. But he returned to Edinburgh last spring, whilst the sharp east winds were still prevailing, and moreover betook himself again to College work, against the advice of his medical friends.

During the summer of 1875 he went to Germany, sojourned a while in Switzerland, and then went to Italy. There he so far recovered his strength, that he could walk considerable distances, and even up steep hills, without suffering inconvenience. But the weather in the north of Italy is often dangerous to persons with

weak lungs, especially when the wind is from the north. After a short illness of ten days, caused by inflammation of the lungs, he died.

Dr Crawford, besides being a man of great eminence, and most highly respected in his own profession, was a person of varied attainments. Besides having a knowledge of music, he often took his part at amateur vocal concerts, with others—some of whom are probably now present among us to-night-and who, I am sure will bear me out when I say, and I say it from a long personal acquaintance with him, that Dr Crawford was a person of most amiable disposition, and most conciliatory in all the relations of life. Though he entered into controversy he ever avoided personal aspersions; and those with whom he fought, were always ready to admit the fairness with which he wielded his weapons.

I learn from Dr Crawford's son, what I had not been aware of, that Dr Crawford kept up to the last, his knowledge of mathematics; and that frequently, when he was in want of recreation, nothing pleased him more than taking a problem and working it out.

SIR WILLIAM JARDINE, Bart. of Applegarth, in the county of Dumfries was born in February 1800, and died 21st November 1874. He had been fifty years a member of this Society.

He was the son of the sixth baronet, by a daughter of Thomas Maule, the representative of the Earls of Panmure.

Born in Edinburgh, he was educated partly at home, partly at York. With a view to the medical profession, he attended the medical classes in Edinburgh. But he did not carry out these professional views. Having succeeded his father when he was scarcely twenty-one years of age, he took up his residence at his family dwelling-place, Jardine Hall. By this time he had evinced a strong taste for scientific pursuits, especially natural history in all its branches.

He was a good botanist, a good geologist, and a good ornithologist. He was also a keen sportsman, both with the gun and the rod. Very many specimens in the large and valuable museum which he formed at Jardine Hall, were collected by himself.

In the year 1825 he commenced, in conjunction with the late Mr Selby of Twizell, in Northumberland, the publication of the

"Illustrations of Ornithology." In 1833 he undertook a still more important work, "The Naturalists' Library," forty volumes of which appeared in the course of the next ten years--a work for which he obtained contributions from the best scientific naturalists in the kingdom;-but of this work, no less than fourteen volumes are made up of contributions by Sir William exclusively. He also published a new edition of Alexander Wilson's "American Ornithology;" started and carried on for some time a magazine of zoology and botany; and was also for some years a joint editor of the "Edinburgh Philosophical Journal.”

Here is a list of other works which flowed from his pen :-) -New edition of "White's Selborne," "British Salmonidæ," "Ichthyology of Annandale."

A still more important work by Sir William Jardine was entitled "Contributions to Ornithology," in three volumes, extending from the year 1848 to 1852. This work contains descriptions and coloured figures of many species of birds previously unknown. Another publication was "Memoirs of the late Hugh Edwin Strickland," in the year 1858, Mr Strickland had married a daughter of Sir William. He was a good geologist. He unfortunately was killed in a railway tunnel, the rocks of which he was examining when a train came on him unexpectedly.

Jardine's frequent visits to Northumberland, to co-operate with his friend Mr Selby of Twizell, brought him into acquaintance with Dr Johnston of Berwick-on-Tweed, who was well versed in botany and marine zoology. Dr Johnston having about this time founded the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, Sir William Jardine joined it in September 1832, and in that year contributed papers of some value on the "Parr" and the "Silver White," small fish of the salmon species, which frequented the Tweed and many other rivers. At that time, the true nature of these fish was not known, though it has since been well ascertained that the parr are the young of the true salmon in their first year's growth.

Sir William Jardine was President of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club in the year 1836, and frequently attended its meetings in subsequent years.

In the year 1860 he was one of the Royal Commissioners appointed to investigate the Salmon Fisheries of England and