now, Ânanda? I have declared the doctrine, and I have made no distinction between within and without. He who says, 'I will rule over the Sañgha!' or, 'Let the Sangha be subjected to me!' he, Ânanda, might declare his will in the Church. The Tathâgata, however, does not say, 'I will rule over the Church.' . . . am now frail, Ânanda; I am aged, I am an old man who has finished his pilgrimage and reached old age. Eighty years old am I.

I

"Be to yourselves, Ânanda, your own light, your own refuge. Seek no other refuge. Let Dharma be your light and refuge. Seek no other refuge. Whosoever now, Ânanda, or after my departure shall be his own light, his own refuge, and shall seek no other refuge, will henceforth be my true disciple and walk in the right path."

Buddha journeyed on until he reached a place called Pâvâ. Then he was attacked with a grievous sickness. Weary, the old pilgrim reached a stream, the Kakutthâ (the modern Badhi, according to General Cunningham). Buddha bathed and sipped some of the water; carts were passing and they thickened it with mud. A little further on, by the side of the river Háranyavatî (Chota Gandak), was a grove of Śâlatrees. Between two of these blossoming trees was the Nirvana that the sick and weary pilgrim was sighing for.

Under these two famous trees, with his head lying towards the north, the old man was laid. "Weep not, sorrow not, Ânanda,” he said. "From all that man

loves and enjoys he must tear himself.

"My existence is ripening to its close. The end of my life is near. I go hence. Ye remain behind. The place of refuge is ready for me.”1

Before expiring, the teacher entered into the extasia of Samâdhi; and mighty thunders and earthrockings announced the passing away of a great Chakravartin. Buddha's last words were :—

"Hearken, O disciples, I charge you. All that comes into being passes. Seek your salvation without weariness."

GLOSSARY AND INDEX.

Aditî, the Vedic Universal Mother.

Âdityas, Sons of Aditî, the months deified.

Amrita, Pâli Amata, immortality, "bread of life," the food of the
sacrifice after consecration.

Arhat, one emancipated from rebirths, an Adept.

Arnold, Edwin, denies the Agnosticism of early Buddhism, xi.; "Light
of Asia" cited, 34.

Arûpaloka, the heavens where form ceases.

Aśoka on

66

God," the future life, prayer, mysticism, etc., 278 et seq. ;

his attitude towards Buddhism, 278 et seq.
Avichi, the "rayless place," hell, purgatory.

Baptism, the Buddhist rite of, 86 et seq.

Beal, Professor S., condemns the views of Dr. Rhys Davids on soul,
God, a future life, etc., in Buddhism, xii.

Bhagavat, lord, God, a title applied to Buddha, Vishņu, and Śiva.
Bhikshu, beggar, one who has adopted the religious life. He is called
also Parivrâjaka (wanderer), Muni (silent one), Śramaņa (vile
one), Son of Buddha, Son of Śâkya, Son of Dharma, Man of Pure
Life, Smâsânîka (dwelling amid tombs), Houseless one, etc.
Bigandet, Bishop, on the Buddhist hierarchy, 185.

Bimbisâra offers crown to Buddha, 76.

Bodhi, gnosis, knowledge of the laws of spirit, annihilation of the ego,
and mystical union of the soul with the non-ego, or God.
Bodhisatwa, one about to obtain the Bodhi in his next rebirth.

Brahma, the Great Spirit, the ineffable.

Brahmâ, the anthropomorphic god.

Brahmacharins, Seekers of Brahma, name for Buddha's early disciples.
Brahmajnâni, an Adept.

Ꮓ

Buddha esoterically God, exoterically Śâkya Muni. See Śâkya Muni.
Buddhaghosa and the atheism of Ceylon, 186; his history of the con-
vocations, 196.

Burnouf, E., on the Skandhas, 221.

Carpet (kusa mat) of Brahma, a mystic state.

Ceylon, vast pretensions claimed for Scriptures of, viii. Theory
examined, 186 et seq. The heavens as conceived by the Bud-
dhists of, 250.

Chaitya, sepulchral mound, dolmen.

Chakravartin (lit. "he who turns in the Zodiac "), a king of kings.
Colebrooke, Henry, on the Yoga Śâstra of Patanjali, 14; on the Skan-

dhas, 221.

Cosmology, Buddhist, 250.

Cunningham, Gen., Sûtpa of Bharhut, 157.

Dâgoba (from Dhatûgarbha), relic shrine.

Davids, T. W. Rhys, considers early Buddhism an atheism, vii.—idea
examined, 244 et seq., 278; affirms that Buddha denied the ex-
istence of the soul and a future life, vii.-idea examined, 250 et seq.,
281; affirms that the Buddhism of the Little Vehicle was Agnostic,
viii.—idea examined, 171 et seq.; his translation of the Tevigga
Sutta, and its great importance, 129; his Life of Buddha from the
"Birth Stories," 121; supports the authenticity of the First Con-
vocation, 164; on the cosmology of the early Buddhists, 250; on
the Pâli Text Society, 129; on the Skandhas, 219; his Buddhism
contrasted with that of Aśoka, 278.

Dhammapada, Buddhaghosa's alterations in, 233.

Dhâranis, prayers.

Dharma, the laws of spirit, the "Wisdom of the Other Bank," ix. ;

personified as a divine woman, 244.

Dhyâna, the trance of extasia.

Dickson, "Ordering of Priests," 236.

Elephant, its meaning, 4; Buddha's descent as an, 6.

Fa Hian cited, 179 et seq.

Fasting, Buddha's forty-seven days', 78.

Fergusson, James, on the Sattapanni cave, 199.

Foucaux, Philippi Edouard, his translation of the Lalita Vistara cited,

I et seq.

Gandharva, a cherub.

Gâthâ, a poem, a verse.

Guru, a spiritual teacher.

Hardy, Spence, cited, 51.

Hwen Thsang states objections of earlier Buddhism to Agnostic school,
177; on the Convocation of Kaniśka, 179; Buddhism of Ceylon
belongs to the Greater Vehicle, 193.

Îśâna, God, on the Aśoka stones, 279.

Jina, a conqueror of his lower nature, a Buddha.

Karma, the effects of sins or good deeds, which are supposed to land
the doer in the hell Avîchi or the heavens of the Devaloka, and
detain him until the said Karma is exhausted. He is then born
once more into the world, his Karma influencing the new birth.

Lâma, the high priest of Tibet, 183; descended most probably from the
Acharya of Nalanda, 183.

Mahâdeo, a monolith or menhir, "Great God," a name of Śiva.

Mandala, mystic ring.

Mantra, prayer, charm.

Mâra, the Buddhist Satan.

Müller, Professor Max, on the date of Buddha's death, 206.

Nairanjana, the Buddhist Jordan.

Nirvâna, heaven.

Palâśa, Butea frondosa.

Pârimitâs, the ten, the "qualities of the Other Bank," "heaven," 285.
Parivrâjaka. See Bhikshu.

Parsvika, a leader in the Agnostic revolution in Buddhism entitled the
"Great Vehicle," 175.

Prajna Pâramitâ, the "Wisdom of the Other Bank," 9; wisdom per-
sonified by a woman, 246.

Rishi, prophet, man of God.

Sâkya Muni, results of his movement, v. ; comes down to earth as a
white elephant, 6; miraculous birth, 10; marriage, 44, 45; the
four presaging tokens, 48; leaves the palace, 65; sits under the