ENGLISH LITERATURE. great display of learning. DR JOHN WOLCOT. of DR JOHN WOLCOT was a coarse but lively satirist, who, under the name of 'Peter Pindar,' published a variety of effusions on the topics and public men of his times, which were eagerly read and widely circulated. Many of them were in ridicule of the reigning sovereign, George III., who was a good subject for the poet; though the latter, as he himself acknowledged, was a bad subject to the king. Wolcot was born at Dodbrooke, a village in Devonshire, in the year 1738. His uncle, a respectable surgeon and apothecary at Fowey, took the charge of his education, intending that he should become his own assistant and successor in business. Wolcot was instructed in medicine, and walked the hospitals' in London, after which he proceeded to Jamaica with Sir William Trelawney, governor that island, who had engaged him as his medical attendant. The social habits of the doctor rendered him a favourite in Jamaica; but his time being only partly employed by his professional avocations, he solicited and obtained from his patron the gift of a living in the church, which happened to be then vacant. The bishop of London ordained the graceless neophyte, and Wolcot entered upon his sacred duties. His congregation consisted mostly of negroes, and Sunday being their principal holiday and market, the attendance at the church was very limited. Sometimes not a single person came, and Wolcot and his clerk (the latter being an excellent shot) used at such times, after waiting for ten minutes, to proceed to the sea-side, to enjoy the sport of shooting ring-tailed pigeons! Trelawney cut off all further hopes of preferment, The death of Sir William and every inducement to a longer residence in the island. Bidding adieu to Jamaica and the church, Wolcot accompanied Lady Trelawney to England, and established himself as a physician at Truro, in Cornwall. He inherited about £2000 by the death of his uncle. While resident at Truro, Wolcot discovered the talents of Opie The Cornish boy in tin mines bred whose genius as an artist afterwards became so distinguished. He also materially assisted to form his taste and procure him patronage; and when Opie's name was well established, the poet and his protegé, forsaking the country, repaired to London, as affording a wider field for the exertions of both. Wolcot had already acquired some distinction by his satirical efforts; and he now poured forth a series of odes and epistles, commencing with the royal academicians, whom he ridiculed with great success and some justice. In 1785 he produced no less than twenty-three odes. In 1786 he published The Lousiad, a Heroi-comic Poem, in five cantos, which had its foundation in the fact, that an obnoxious insect (either of the garden or the body) had been discovered on the king's plate among some green peas, which produced a solemn decree that all the servants in the royal kitchen were to have their heads shaved. In the hands of an unscrupulous satirist like Wolcot, this ridiculous incident was an admirable theme. Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides afforded another The publication of Boswell's tempting opportunity, and he indited a humorous poetical epistle to the biographer, commencing DR JOHN WOLCOT. O Boswell, Bozzy, Bruce, whate'er thy name, The pilot of our literary whale; A president, on butterflies profound, Went on a day to catch the game profound He had also Instructions to a Celebrated Laureate ; Some of micians, and in various passages scattered throughout his works; while his ease and felicity, both of expression and illustration, are remarkable. In the following terse and lively lines, we have a good caricature portrait of Dr Johnson's style : I own I like not Johnson's turgid style, Sets wheels on wheels in motion-such a clatter [Advice to Landscape Painters.] Whate'er you wish in landscape to excel, London's the very place to mar it; Believe the oracles I tell, There's very little landscape in a garret. 'Tis badly copying them for goats and sheep; A rushlight in a bottle's neck, or stick, I think, too, that a man would be a fool, Or even by them to represent a stump: Must make a very poor autumnal clump. You'll say, 'Yet such ones oft a person sees And in some paintings we have all beheld All this, my lads, I freely grant; Claude painted in the open air! Where scenes of true magnificence you'll find; So leave the bull-dog bailiffs all behind; Who, hunt you with what noise they may, Must hunt for needles in a stack of hay. The Pilgrims and the Peas. A brace of sinners, for no good, Were ordered to the Virgin Mary's shrine, Who at Loretto dwelt in wax, stone, wood, And in a curled white wig looked wondrous fine. Fifty long miles had these sad rogues to travel, A nostrum famous in old popish times That popish parsons for its powers exalt, The knaves set off on the same day, But very different was their speed, I wot: The other limped as if he had been shot. One saw the Virgin, soon peccavi cried; Had his soul whitewashed all so clever, When home again he nimbly hied, Made fit with saints above to live for ever. In coming back, however, let me say, His eyes in tears, his cheeks and brow in sweat, 'How now!' the light-toed whitewashed pilgrim broke, You lazy lubber!' 'Confound it!' cried the t'other, ''tis no joke; My feet, once hard as any rock, Are now as soft as blubber. Excuse me, Virgin Mary, that I swear: But, brother sinner, do explain What power hath worked a wonder for your toes- How is't that you can like a greyhound go, Merry as if nought had happened, burn ye?' 'Why,' cried the other, grinning, 'you must know, That just before I ventured on my journey, To walk a little more at ease, I took the liberty to boil my peas.' The Apple Dumplings and a King. Once on a time, a monarch, tired with whooping, Whipping and spurring, Happy in worrying A poor defenceless harmless buck Where sat a poor old woman and her pot. The wrinkled, blear-eyed, good old granny, In this same cot, illumed by many a cranny, Had finished apple dumplings for her pot: In tempting row the naked dumplings lay, Then taking up a dumpling in his hand, And oft did majesty the dumpling grapple: he cried, Very astonishing indeed! strange thing!' (Turning the dumpling round) rejoined the king. "Tis most extraordinary, then, all this is— It beats Pinette's conjuring all to pieces: Strange I should never of a dumpling dream! But, goody, tell me where, where, where's the seam ?' 'Sir, there's no seam,' quoth she; 'I never knew That folks did apple dumplings sew;' "No!' cried the staring monarch with a grin; How, how the devil got the apple in?' On which the dame the curious scheme revealed Which made the Solomon of Britain start; The palace seemed the lodging of a baker! Whitbread's Brewery visited by their Majesties. Full of the art of brewing beer, The monarch heard of Whitbread's fame; Quoth he unto the queen, My dear, my dear, Whitbread hath got a marvellous great name. Charly, we must, must, must see Whitbread brewRich as us, Charly, richer than a Jew. Shame, shame we have not yet his brewhouse seen!' Red hot with novelty's delightful rage, Of such undreamt-of honour proud, So humbly (so the humble story goes), He touched e'en terra firma with his nose; Then said unto the page, hight Billy Ramus, 'Happy are we that our great king should name us As worthy unto majesty to show How we poor Chiswell people brew.' Away sprung Billy Ramus quick as thought: For monarchs like to see their subjects quake; Indeed in a most humble light, God knows! The people walking on the strand like crows. Muse, sing the stir that happy Whitbread made: Poor gentleman! most terribly afraid He should not charm enough his guests divine, He gave his maids new aprons, gowns, and smocks; And lo! two hundred pounds were spent in frocks, To make the apprentices and draymen fine: Busy as horses in a field of clover, Dogs, cats, and chairs, and stools, were tumbled over, Now moved king, queen, and princesses so grand, Who sometimes swills his beer and grinds his meat Lord Aylesbury, and Denbigh's lord also, His Grace the Duke of Montague likewise, And fixed all Smithfield's wond'ring eyes: Thus was the brewhouse filled with gabbling noise, Devoured the questions that the king did ask; In different parties were they staring seen, Wond'ring to think they saw a king and queen! Behind a tub were some, and some behind a cask. For whose most lofty station thousands sigh! Now majesty into a pump so deep Thus have I seen a magpie in the street, And cunning eye, Peep knowingly into a marrow-bone. And now his curious majesty did stoop And lo! no single thing came in his way, "What's this? hae hae? What's that? What's this? What's that?' So quick the words too, when he deigned to speak, Thus, to the world of great whilst others crawl, Things that too oft the public scorn; By finding systems in a peppercorn. Now boasting Whitbread serious did declare, Almost to Windsor that they would extend: This was a puzzling disagreeing question, With gilded leaves of asses'-skin so white, Memorandum. A charming place beneath the grates For roasting chestnuts or potates. Mem. 'Tis hops that give a bitterness to beer, Hops grow in Kent, says Whitbread, and elsewhere. Quære. Is there no cheaper stuff? where doth it dwell? Would not horse-aloes bitter it as well? Mem. To try it soon on our small beer- To remember to forget to ask Old Whitbread to my house one day. Not to forget to take of beer the cask, Now, having pencilled his remarks so shrewd, To Whitbread now deigned majesty to say, Here was the king, like hounds sometimes, at fault'Sire,' cried the humble brewer, 'give me leave Your sacred majesty to undeceive; Grains, sire, are never made from hops, but malt.' 'True,' said the cautious monarch with a smile, Now did the king admire the bell so fine, Exclaimed, 'O heavens! and can my swine Heavens! can my pigs compare, sire, with pigs royal?' On which the brewer bowed, and said, 'Good God !' Who, bridling in her chin divine, Crossed her fair hands, a dear old maid, For such high honour done her father's swine. To Mister Whitbread in his flying way, 'Whitbread, d'ye nick the excisemen now and then? Hae what? Miss Whitbread's still a maid, a maid? What, what's the matter with the men? D'ye hunt?-hae, hunt? No no, you are too old; I'll prick you every year, man, I declare; Job, job, that's cheapest; yes, that's best, that's best. You put your liveries on the draymen-hae? Hae, Whitbread! you have feathered well your nest. Then searched his brains with ruminating eye; Lord Gregory. [Burns admired this ballad of Wolcot's, and wrote another on the same subject.] 'Ah ope, Lord Gregory, thy door, A midnight wanderer sighs; If she whose love did once delight, Thou gav'st to love and me. But should'st thou not poor Marion know, May Day. The daisies peep from every field, Let lusty Labour drop his flail, Behold the lark in ether float, While rapture swells the liquid note! What warbles he, with merry cheer? 'Let Love and Pleasure rule the year!' Then lads, &c. Lo! Sol looks down with radiant eye, And throws a smile around his sky; Embracing hill, and vale, and stream, And warming nature with his beam. Then lads, &c. The insect tribes in myriads pour, And kiss with zephyr every flower; Shall these our icy hearts reprove, And tell us we are foes to Love! Then lads, &c. Epigram on Sleep. [Thomas Warton wrote the following Latin epigram to be placed under the statue of Somnus, in the garden of Harris, the philologist, and Wolcot translated it with a beauty and felicity worthy of the original.] Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori; Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vitâ Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori. Come, gentle sleep! attend thy votary's prayer, And, though death's image, to my couch repair; How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie, And, without dying, O how sweet to die! To my Candle. Thou lone companion of the spectred night! To steal a precious hour from lifeless sleep. And swells the thundering horrors of the deep. From cloud to cloud the pale moon hurrying flies, Now blackened, and now flashing through the skies; But all is silence here beneath thy beam. I own I labour for the voice of praise For who would sink in dull oblivion's stream? Who would not live in songs of distant days? Thus while I wondering pause o'er Shakspeare's page, I mark in visions of delight the sage, High o'er the wrecks of man, who stands sublime; A column in the melancholy waste (Its cities humbled and its glories past), Majestic 'mid the solitude of time. Yet now to sadness let me yield the hour- I view, alas! what ne'er should die- A form that feels of death the leaden sleep- I view a pale-eyed panting maid; I see the Virtues o'er their favourite weep. Ah! could the Muse's simple prayer A world should echo with her name. Yes, on thy frame Fate too shall fix her seal- In vain thy struggles, all will soon be o'er. Thus shall the sons of science sink away, And thus of beauty fade the fairest flowerFor where's the giant who to Time shall say 'Destructive tyrant, I arrest thy power!' Birthplace of H. K. White, Nottingham. Henry was a rhymer and a student from his earliest years. He assisted at his father's business for some time, but in his fourteenth year was put apprentice to a stocking-weaver. Disliking, as he said, 'the thought of spending seven years of his life in shining and folding up stockings, he wanted something to occupy his brain, and he felt that he should be wretched if he continued longer at this trade, or indeed in anything except one of the learned professions.' He was at length placed in an attorney's office, and applying his leisure hours to the study of languages, he was able, in the course of ten months, to read Horace with tolerable facility, and had made some progress in Greek. At the same time he acquired a knowledge of Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, and even applied himself to the acquisition of some of the sciences. His habits of study and application were unremitting. A London magazine, called the Monthly Preceptor, having proposed prize themes for the youth of both sexes, Henry became a candidate, and while only in his fifteenth year, obtained a silver medal for a translation from Horace; and the following year a pair of twelveinch globes for an imaginary tour from London to Edinburgh. He next became a correspondent in the Monthly Mirror, and was introduced to the acquaintance of Mr Capel Lofft and of Mr Hill, the proprietor of the above periodical. Their encouragement induced him to prepare a volume of poems for the press, which appeared in 1803. The longest piece in the collection is a descriptive poem in the style of Goldsmith, entitled Clifton Grove, which shows a remarkable proficiency in smooth and elegant versification and language. In his preface to the volume, Henry |