put out children, with a clause which makes void the obligation in case the infant dies before he is out of his apprenticeship; by which means the kindred and masters are extremely careful of breeding him to industry, that he may repay it himself by his labor, in three years' journeywork after his time is out, for the use of his securities. Opportunities of this kind are all that have occurred since I came to my estate; but I assure you I will preserve a constant disposition to catch at all the occasions I can to promote the good and happiness of my neighborhood.

But give me leave to lay before you a little establishment which has grown out of my past life, that I doubt not will administer great satisfaction to me in that part of it, whatever that is, which is to come.

There is a prejudice in favor of the way of life to which a man has been educated, which I know not whether it would not be faulty to overcome. It is like a partiality to the interest of one's own country before that of any other nation. It is from an habit of thinking, grown upon me from my youth spent in arms, that I have ever held gentlemen who have preserved modesty, good-nature, justice and humanity in a soldier's life, to be the most valuable and worthy persons of the human race. To pass through imminent dangers, suffer painful watchings, frightful alarms, and laborious marches for the greater part of a man's time, and pass the rest in a sobriety conformable to the rules of the most virtuous civil life, is a merit too great to deserve the treatment it usually meets with among the other part of the world. But I assure you, sir, were there not very many who have this worth, we could never have seen the glorious events 2 which we have in our days. I need not say more to illustrate the character of a soldier than to tell you he is the very contrary to him you observe loud, saucy, and overbearing, in a red coat about town. But I was going to tell you that, in honor of the profession of arms, I have set apart a certain sum of money for a table for such gentlemen as have served their country in the army, and will please from time to time to sojourn all, or any part of the year, at Coverley. Such of them as

1A child who is under age.

2 Mention some within twenty years previous to that date.

will do me that honor shall find horses, servants, and all things necessary for their accommodation and enjoyment of all the conveniences of life in a pleasant, various country. If Colonel Camperfelt 1 be in town, and his abilities are not employed another way in the service, there is no man would be more welcome here. That gentleman's thorough knowledge in his profession, together with the simplicity of his manners and goodness of his heart, would induce others like him to honor my abode; and I should be glad my acquaintance would take themselves to be invited or not, as their characters have an affinity to his.

I would have all my friends know that they need not fear (though I am become a country gentleman) I will trespass against their temperance and sobriety. No, sir, I shall retain so much of the good sentiments for the conduct of life which we cultivated in each other at our club, as to contemn all inordinate pleasures; but particularly remember, with our beloved Tully, that the delight in food consists in desire, not satiety. They who most passionately pursue pleasure, seldomest arrive at it. Now I am writing to a philosopher, I cannot forbear mentioning the satisfaction I took in the passage I read yesterday in the same Tully. A nobleman of Athens made a compliment to Plato the morning after he had supped at his house. "Your entertainments do not only please when you give them, but also the day after."

T.

66

I am, my worthy friend,

Your most obedient, humble servant,
William Sentry.

1I. e., Kempenfeldt. He was the soldier after whom Captain Sentry is, by some, supposed to have been patterned. See note 1, p. 14. 2 Cicero.

NOTE.-While the foregoing selections embrace several essays that are not commonly found included among the so-called "de Coverley papers, "there are still many Spectators in which cursory reference to Sir Roger is made, and in some cases more extended mention. Such are Nos. 100, 127, 137, 141, 221, 251, 271, 295, 331, 338, 410, 424, 435, and 518. As most of these papers deal mainly with matters foreign to our subject, for the sake of unity they have been omitted; but they will be found of interest to the careful student. Between Spectators 517-544 (chaps. xxxiii. and xxxiv. of this volume) the Club gradually melts away, leaving only Sir Andrew, the " worthy clergyman, who is dying," and the SPECTATOR.

In

517 Sir Roger dies; in 530 Will Honeycomb marries; in 541 the Templar abandons poetry, turns to the law, and gives up his companions; in 544 we see Captain Sentry in possession of Sir Roger's estate. Later (in 549) we learn that the clergyman has peacefully passed away, and Sir Andrew retires from business and from club life, leaving the SPECTATOR alone. Finally (in 555) he too makes his bow, and for a year and a half the curtain falls.

APPENDIX

THE MOTTOES TRANSLATED

THE SPECTATOR says (in No. 370): "Many of my fair readers, as well as very gay and well received persons of the other sex, are extremely perplexed at the Latin sentences at the head of my speculations; I do not know whether I ought not to indulge them with translations of each of them."

In another essay (No. 221) he says: "I must confess, the motto is of little use to an unlearned reader, for which reason I consider it only as a word to the wise. But as for my unlearned friends, if they cannot relish the motto, I take care to make provision for them in the body of my paper. If they do not understand the sign that is hung out, they know very well by it that they may meet with entertainment in the house; and I think I was never better pleased than with a plain man's compliment, who, upon his friend's telling him that he would like the Spectator much better if he understood the motto, replied that good wine needs no bush." 1

While the most of those who use this little volume are doubtless learned readers, and capable of "understanding the sign,' it has still been thought best to provide original translations (combined with a few selected ones from the poets), but to place these at the close of the book, so as not to interfere with the enjoyment of any who prefer to exercise their own wits upon the classic tongue. As those who consult this Appendix are presumably ignorant of Latin, whenever the translation departs widely from the Latin idiom a literal version is given in parentheses.

1 See the Epilogue to As You Like It, "Bush, 4," in Webster's International, and Tatler No. 96. A bush was anciently the sign of a tavern. It was succeeded by a thing intended to resemble a bush, consisting of three or four tiers of hoops fastened one above another, with vine leaves and grapes richly carved and gilt, and a Bacchus bestriding a tun at the top. The owner of a tavern in Aldersgate Street was so affected at the execution of Charles I. that he painted his "bush" black. The house was long after known as "The Mourning Bush of Aldersgatc."-HAWKINS'S Hist. of Music.

I. He does not purpose from a flash to produce smoke, but from smoke to derive light; so that, in succession, he may bring forth wondrous beauties." Art of Poetry" ("Ars Poetica," or “Epistola ad Pisones "), v. 143.

"He does not lavish at a blaze his fire,
Sudden to glare, and in a smoke expire;
But rises from a cloud of smoke to light,
And pours his specious miracles to sight."

Translation by Philip Francis, D.D.

II. But six others and more cry out together with one voice.— "Seventh Satire," v. 166.

(The best Latin texts have haec [these things] in place of ast [but], and vel [even] in place of et [and].)

III. They believed it a gross wickedness and one to be atoned for with death, if a youth had not risen up in presence of an old man."Thirteenth Satire," v. 54.

""Twas a crime

Worthy of death, such awe did years engage,
If manhood rose not up to reverend age."

Translation by William Gifford.

(Compare with "Leviticus," xix. 32.)

IV. The wild beast is merciful to those of his own kind. (Literally,—A similar wild beast spares cognate spots.)—“Fifteenth Satire," v. 159.

"From spotted skins the leopard does refrain."

Translation by Nahum Tate.

V. She had not accustomed her woman's hands to the distaff or work-baskets of Minerva.-" Æneid," vii. 805.

"Unbred to spinning, in the loom unskilled."

Translation by John Dryden.

VI. Here abounding Plenty shall flow, and for thee shall she pour forth the wealth of rural honors from her generous horn. (Literally,—Hence for thee plenty shall flow to the full, from benig