...Englishman summed it up: 'In Ireland there are two sets of laws - the English . . . and the laws and customs of the country, which, enforced in a different way, are as active and effective.'47 The enforcement of native justice was the business of the Ribbon lodges, although a great...

...the Irish problem was the conflict between: 'two sets of laws - the English laws, and the laws and customs of the country, which, enforced in a different...country, is the fallacy of the argument on behalf of the Irish landlords. . . .The extreme theory of property is everywhere overborne and modified by the custom.'56...