LONDON:

Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES,

Stamford-street.

CONTENTS.

BOOK III.

OF THE THEORY OF THE SUPERFECUNDITY OF HUMAN BEINGS:

ITS NUMERICAL ERRORS STATED AND DISPROVED.

CHAP.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

Table XVI. Shewing the Prolificness required in order to double

a Population in 12 Years.

XVII. In which the preceding one is divided into Sections

of Eight Years, shewing the Annual Proportions of the Mar-

riages, Births, and Deaths, to the existing Population

throughout.

XVIII. Exhibiting the Mean Proportions in a Population

doubling every 12 Years, in which the Births are as about

1 to 12, and the Deaths as 1 to 36.

XIX. Shewing the Progress of a Population doubling

between every 14 and 15 Years.

Of the possible Periods of Human Duplication,

continued

Table XX. Shewing the Progress of a Population in which the

Marriages take place at 20, and all the Married have 8

Children, 4 of whom survive to Marry at the same age, and

become equally prolific: the Infant and unprolific Deaths

omitted throughout, as having no effect on the Rate of

Increase. The Mean Duration of Life being 65 years, and the

proportion of effete Population to the Two Couples with which

the Table commences, 3.

Of the possible Periods of Human Duplication,

concluded

Table XXI. Shewing the Progress of a Population in which the

Marriages take place at 23; each having, out of 5,265 Births,

Three which live to Marry, One in the First, and the remainder

in the Fifth and Eighth Years after Marriage; all such sur-

viving to the age of 65; the existing Progenitors of the Two

First Couples being, therefore, 2 Individuals.

XXII. Exhibiting the results of preceding one divided, to

the Year 200, into Sections of 20 Years each, and containing

the presumed Proportion of Unprolific Births throughout,

28

47

CHAP.

V.

VI.

Page

68

Of the Impossibility of the Geometrical Duplication

of Human Beings; demonstrated by the Law of

Mortality

Of the Effects of Emigration on the Increase of

Population

Table XXIII. Exhibiting the Effect of Emigration on the Natural

Increase of Population, according to different Methods of

Calculation.

Of the possible Proportion of Marriages in different

Communities

VII.

78

98

VIII.

Of the Method of calculating the Prevalence of

the Preventive Check

108

IX.

Of the Method of calculating the comparative Pre-

valence of the Preventive Check in different

Times and Countries

126

Table XXIV. France.

X.

Of the Proportion of Second and Third Marriages,

and of Illegitimate Children, in different Coun-

tries, and of their Effects on Population

141

XI.

Table XXV. Shewing the Proportion of the First and subsequent

Marriages in 14,654 Weddings in Prussia, and the Sexes and

Ages of the Parties respectively.

XXVI. and XXVII. Shewing the First and subsequent

Marriages in Paris, in the Years 1826 and 1827.

XXVIII. Exemplifying the Method of directly determining

the relative Proportion of First and subsequent Marriages in an

increasing Population.

XXIX. Shewing the supposed Proportions in 10,000 Mar-

riages of those of Single Persons, Widowers and Widows, and

the presumed average Prolificness of each.

Of the Prolificness of Marriages, and of the Propor-

tion of the born who live to Marry; as deducible

from Registers

. 161

Table XXX. Exemplifying the usual Method of estimating the Pro-

lificness of Marriages from actual Registers.

XII.

وو

XXXI. Shewing that the Marriage of Emigrants in the

Places to which they repair, does not affect the accuracy of the

Registers, as expressing the Prolificness of Marriages.

Of the Effects of Mortalities on the Number of

Marriages

Table XXXII.

184

CHAP.

Table XXXIII. Exhibiting the Marriages in the most mortal and

most healthful Year of each of the Sections in the foregoing

Table, from Sussmilch.

XIII. Of the Effect of Mortalities on the Number of

Marriages

Table XXXIV. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number

of Marriages in Sweden.

XIV.

XV.

XXXV. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number

of Marriages in France.

XXXVI. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number

of Marriages in England.

Page

209

236

Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness 224

Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness

Table XXXVII. Shewing, from the Registers of England, the

Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of Marriages.

XVI.

XXXVIII. Shewing, from the Registers of England, the

" Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of Marriages.

دو

XXXIX. Shewing, by another Method, from the Registers

of England, the Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of

Marriages.

XL. Shewing, by a further Method, from the Registers of

England, the Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of

Marriages.

Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness 256

Table XLI. Shewing the Effect of Crops on the Prolificness of the

Marriages of Sweden.

XLII. Shewing the Price of Corn, and the Mortality of

Sweden, from the Years 1821 to 1825, inclusive.

XVII. Of the Effect of the Preventive Check, or the Post-

ponement of Marriages, on their Prolificness

Table XLIII. Shewing the Effect the Postponement of the Mar-

riages of Females has upon their Annual Prolificness.

"

XLIV. Shewing the Effect the Postponement of the Mar-

riages of Females has upon the Mortality of their Offspring.

XLV. Shewing the Effect of the Postponement of the Mar-

riages of the Peeresses on their Prolificness, and on the Mor-

tality of their Offspring.

XLVI. Shewing the Effect of the Postponement of the Mar-

riages of the Peeresses on both their Prolificness and the

Preservation of their Offspring.

XLVII. Shewing the Effect of the "Preventive Check"

on the Fecundity of Marriages in England, both in Towns and

the Country at large: also in France, Prussia, and the

Kingdom of the Netherlands.

XVIII. Of the comparative Correctness of Registers, and

on the Continuation of that Increase in Population

which they at present indicate

265

284

Table XLVIII. In which the Population of England, as given in

the Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000; exhi-

biting the Proportion of both Sexes, and of the different Ages,

in that Number.

XLIX. In which the Population of Wales, as given in the

Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000, exhibiting

the Proportion of both Sexes, and of the different Ages, in that

Number.

L. In which the Population of other parts of the United

Kingdom, as given in the Census of 1821, is calculated on a

Radix of 20,000; exhibiting the Proportions of both Sexes, and

of the different Ages, in that Number.

LI. In which the Population of the United States, as given

in the Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000;

exhibiting the Proportions existing of both Sexes, and of every

Age, in that Number.

LII. In which the free coloured Population of the United

States is calculated on a Radix of 20,000, according to the

Census of 1821.

BOOK IV.

OF THE LAW OF POPULATION: ITS PRINCIPLE STATED AND Proved.

CHAP.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

INTRODUCTORY

Of the Law of Population: Anticipatory Com-

putations of Nature in reference thereto

Of the Law of Population: Anticipatory Com-

putations of Nature, especially in reference to the

Proportion of the Sexes

Table LIII.

LIV. Exhibiting the Ages of 1027 Peers at their Marriage,

and the Number and Sex of their Children.

LV. Exhibiting the Ages of 471 Peeresses at their Mar-

riage, and the Number and Sex of their Children.

LVI. Shewing the Influence which the Difference in the

Ages of the Parents, respectively, has in regulating the Pro-

portion of the Sexes of their Children. Taken from the Re-

gisters of the Peerage.

LVII. Shewing that the Difference in the Proportion of the

Sexes at Birth, which is governed by the Difference in the

Ages of the Parents, respectively, is adjusted to the Law of

Mortality.

LVIII. Shewing, from the Registers of the Peerage, that

the Marriages of Widowers are attended by an Excess of Fe-

male Children.

Page

307

. 317

332

Of the Law of Population: the Principle Defined 352

Of the Law of Population; its Proofs Enumerated 358