that it was an aggregation as new and untried as any regiment of the National Army, but what stuff we had in it! The officers, from captain up, and fifty or so of the non-commissioned officers were old time Marines, but the junior officers and privates were new men. But they were not like most rookies. They were of superior quality throughout and they had been through the intensive training of the Marine Corps. By the time they were through with the training on French soil I doubt if any army officer could have discovered the slightest trace of newness about them. They acted like veterans; they thought like veterans; and all because of that training and the material they were to start with.

Two

If we had had time and opportunity to pick our men individually from the whole of the United States I doubt if we should have done much better. They were as fine a bunch of upstanding American athletes as you would care to meet, and they had brains as well as brawn. Sixty per cent of the entire regiment were college men. thirds of one company came straight from the University of Minnesota. Of our young lieutenants a large number were College athletes. There was Legore of Yale; Baston of Minnesota, an all-American end; Moore and Murphy of Princeton; Maynard of the University of Washington; Overton the Yale runner, who was killed in the offensive last summer, and a dozen others who won fame on the gridiron, track and diamond while the United States was yet at peace. When you read of what these men did in Belleau Wood and Bouresches, remember who they were, and perhaps their exploits will seem less unbelievable. The Turk will fight like a fiend; the Moro's trade is slaying;

it was Fuzzy Wuzzy who broke a British square; the Boche will move in mass formation into the face of death like a ferryboat entering its slip; but when the final showdown comes, when the last ounce of strength and nerve is called for, when mind and hand must act like lightning together, I will take my chances with an educated man, a free born American with a trained mind. Unquestionably the intelligent, educated man makes, in the long run, the best soldier. There is no place for the mere brute in modern warfare. It is a contest of brains as well as brawn, and the best brains win. The American Colleges doubtless supposed that they were turning men into scholars; when the test came they found that they had been training soldiers.

These soldiers of America, these Marines, students in days of peace, but fighting men in days of war, should be your inspiration and your guide.

This splendid tribute of General Catlin justifies the magnificence of American education. When these soldiers sat at the feet of their teachers, as you do this morning, little did they think they would ever be called upon to defend their country with their bodies. And far from your minds is the part you will play in your country's greatness. These men were brave soldiers. They must have been good students. And a good student obeys his teacher as the soldier obeys his commanding officer. Your thoughts and your actions here will stamp your character which alone will bring you success in the great world beyond. When these soldiers were called they were fit, but what is more, they knew their country's cause

was just and this knowledge filled them with pride. Now they have come back to us with their battlescarred frames. They are pillars of liberty. They come back to carry on, for the war is not yet done. The world is not safe, nor will it ever be, nor secure in manhood's rights until the forces of evil, manifold in form but one in malign purpose are forever banished from the realm of ordered government.

Defiance of law, in every form, must be met by the establishment of law. To our rising generation, to our new comers from foreign lands, to all who in false security have failed to realize the danger to the foundation of our republic, we must teach that while we work for improvement of the law, our first duty is to obey the law and to see that it is obeyed by others. Let every man, young and old, realize the nobility of his heritage and the responsibility of his citizenship. To us is given to carry on to completion the noblest work the world has ever seen, but as yet far from completion. The future of the nation is in your hands.

"To you from falling hands we throw
The torch: Be yours to hold it high!
If ye break faith with us who die,
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders Fields."

Not on the dark, blood-stained fields of France, but in the larger fields of the life of men are the characters formed by the habits and ideals of youth tried out. God grant that you may never cease to remember the sacrifices that have been made that you may be able to hold your heads high and proudly say, I am free born. May you ever be as faithful to this country as those who have given their life's blood in its defence. May you read, understand, and defend every line of the Constitution of our country. May you rise to the responsibility of keeping unsullied the emblem of our fathers. May you never shrink from the call of duty, especially when that call comes from your country. Be ever vigilant and always preparing so that when your country calls you may be able to say with a firm mind, a willing heart and a soul elevated to the heights of noble consciousness of responsibility:

"America, My Country, I come at thy call, I plight thee my troth and give thee my all,

In peace or in war I am wed to thy weal, I'll carry thy flag through the fire and

steel.

Unsullied it floats o'er a peace loving race,

On sea nor on land shall it suffer disgrace. In reverence I kneel at sweet Liberty's shrine

America, My Country, command, I am thine!"

DUSTRY

The prevailing impression that in Japan much of the hard labor is done by women and girls is reinforced by some rather interesting statistics on the subject in the Japan Yearbook for 1918.

According to the Yearbook, "Fe

male labor constitutes a main part in the factory economy of Japan. In 19,299 factories, employing not less than ten operatives each, male labor amounts to 42 per cent and female labor 58 per cent. Of the total number of child workers under 15 years of

age 18 per cent are boys, and 82 per cent are girls." The following table embodies the result of inquiries made by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, at the end of 1916, into the condition of labor in factories employing five or more operatives in Japan proper:

Number of workers in each specified age group in factories in Japan at the end of 1916.

Age group. Under 12

12 to 15

Over 15

Total

...

....

437,865

543,389

.458,632 636,669 1,095,301 The largest numbers of child operatives under fifteen years of age are employed in match, glass, filature, weaving, cotton spinning, cotton printing and binding, and hempen plaiting.

Not only are figures given showing the extent to which women and girls are employed, but a gloomy picture is presented as to the conditions under which the work is done. In this con

nection a physician who has specially studied the conditions of female operatives from the medical and hygienic standpoint is quoted as follows:

"Female workers in Japanese factories number 500,000, of whom 300,000 are under twenty years of age. Out of this army of women operatives 400,000 are engaged in the spinning, weaving, and dyeing industries. Seventy per cent of these women live in the factory quarters, which means a sort of confinement. Work in the raw-silk factories lasts 13 to 14 hours a day on an average, and that in the weaving mills 14 to 16 hours. The remaining hours are devoted to sleeping, bathing, toilet, etc. It is not

surprising that the health of these young women is seriously injured by such conditions. With regard to the spinning mills, female workers are put to night work every seven or eight days. Night work affects the workers' health so severely that at the end of a week they lose considerable weight. This loss may be partly recovered during the suc ceeding week on the day shift, but the night work, though intermittent, ultimately wrecks the health of the workers. None can stand the strain for more than a year, when death, sickness, or desertion is the inevitable outcome. The consequence is that 80 per cent of the female workers leave the factories every year through various causes, but this loss is immediately replenished by new hands.

"The food provided by the factory boarding houses may be tolerable to the class from which the women are recruited, but as to the other accommodations it is simply sickening. The women on the night and day shifts are obliged to share one bed, which is neither aired nor dusted, and never

exposed to the sun, since as soon as

one leaves it another takes her place. Consequently consumption spreads among the operatives like an epidemic.

"The number of women who are recruited as factory workers reaches 200,000 every year, but of these 120,ooo do not return to the parental roof. Either they become birds of passage and move from one factory to another, or go as maids in dubious tea houses or as illicit prostitutes. Among the 80,000 women who return to their homes something like 13,000 are found to be sick, about 25 per cent of them having contracted consumption. The death rate from consumption of female factory operatives is, as reported to the police, 8 per 1000, but the death rate from the same disease after their return home is 30 per

1000."

lem." Many of the causes may be traced directly and indirectly to the acts, policies, and etravagances of his administration. He cannot escape the responsibility and should not be perImitted to shift it to other shoulders.

The work at Paris was done under high pressure and with exasperating distractions. "Stones were clattering on the roof and wild men were screaming through the keyhole," was Mr. Lloyd George's vivid description of the conditions at the peace conference. It was some of these stones, presumably, that were given to Italy and China when they

asked for bread.

Under government management the railroads of the country are being run at a monthly loss of $39,000,000, although rates have been greatly advanced and revenues immensely increased. How will the situation be relieved if wages are again boosted and rates again pushed skyward? Government ownership would not solve the problem if we are to judge by the result of government operation.

A study which has just been made of union wage scales in the District of Columbia, including 58 trades and occupations, shows an increase of 71 per cent in the scales in force, from May 15, 1913 to August 9, 1919. In many occupations members of unions are receiving considerably more than the scale calls for, and the above percentage, therefore, is unquestionably less than the real income in wages received.

In the past we have had offered to the people of the United States and to the world panaceas for war. At one time free trade was endorsed as a sure cure; at a later time esperanto was advanced as an equally certain preventive. Now we have presented the League of Nations. Can we reasonably expect more from it than from the other two? Surely the proponents of free trade were quite as respectable authorities as those who now press the latest cure.

President Draper of the American Cotton Manufacturers' Association, told its members at Atlantic City that the question of the tariff, always in the foreground, is now more important than ever, and in the present state of foreign relations must be given most serious attention. "One thing is certain," he said, "if we are to continue our present high wage scale and standard of living, there must be a barrier high enough to keep out an influx of cotton goods made by cheap labor."

"The United States has furnished," a news item says, "$4,000,000 and China $500,000 for the railroad organization" in Siberia, "while the other Allies have promised funds." We have appropriated $100,000,000 to feed the suffering in Europe and it is time now, with dangerous restlessness because of high costs in this country, for us to think a little less about Europeans and a little more about the people of our own country. Less internationalism and more nationalism is in order.