Fundamentals of CosmologySpringer Science & Business Media, 3 груд. 2009 р. - 328 стор. Thisisthesecondeditionofabookonthephenomenological foundations ofmodern cosmology. The ?rst edition was surprisingly well timed. In the preceding 3 years, advances in astronomy had laid the foundations of the dark-energy/dark-matter c- mological model. In 1998, observations of type Ia supernova by the Supernova C- mology Project and High Z team suggested that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In 2000, Boomerang and Maxima observed clearly the ?rst acoustic peak in the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. The position of the peak strongly suggested that the density of the universe was near critical. These two observations reconciled popular in?ationary models with the heretofore embarrassing insistence by astronomers that the clumping of galaxies required that the mass density of the universe be only about 25% of the critical density. The sup- nova data told us that the rest was dark energy in the form of an effective vacuum energy or cosmological constant. The so-called LambdaCDM model became the standard model. Eight years later, the observational data has improved tremendously as a c- parison of the ?gures in the two editions will demonstrate. Surprisingly, all this incredible data has failed to ?nd any clear failure of the?CDM model. Among the observational advances, the most obvious comes from the WMAP satellitewho,alongtheground-basedexperimentslikeACBAR,yieldedtheexquisite series of peaks in the CMB temperature anisotropy spectrum shown in Fig. 7.11. |
Зміст
1 | |
2 Observational Cosmology | 41 |
3 Coordinates and Metrics | 91 |
4 The Field Equations | 137 |
5 Friedmannology | 165 |
6 The Thermal History of the Universe | 197 |
7 Structure Formation | 239 |
A Lorentz Vectors and Tensors | 294 |
B Natural Units | 299 |
C Standard Particles and Beyond | 303 |
D Magnitudes | 309 |
E Solutions and Hints for Selected Exercises | 311 |
F Useful Formulas and Numbers | 317 |
321 | |
325 | |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
absorption abundances ACDM angular annihilation apparent magnitude baryons Boltzmann equation calculated Cepheids Chap clock CMB anisotropies comoving coordinates constant corresponds cosmological cross-section dark energy dark matter decay defined definition density fluctuations determined early universe effect Einstein electrons energy density estimate expansion rate factor figure find first fixed flat flux Friedmann equation function galactic galaxy clusters gives gravitational halo homogeneous universe hydrogen inflation inflationary inhomogeneities interactions LastSS lensing Lorentz luminosity magnitude mass matter epoch measured metric models neutrinos non-relativistic nuclei nucleosynthesis number density objects observed over-dense parameters particles peculiar velocities perturbation photons polarization potential fluctuations primordial radial coordinate radiation epoch radius ratio reactions recombination redshift reflected region reionization relativistic scalar field scale scattering SDSS Sect shown in Fig shows sound horizon spatial stars stellar sufficiently supernova temperature tensor thermal equilibrium trajectories vacuum energy wavelength WIMP WMAP