in the Palais-Royal, he bitterly exclaimed, "This is the reward destined to the first apostle of liberty! Like Danton, he took credit to himself for generosity: "I go to the scaffold," he said, "for having dropped a tear over the unfortunate: my only regret in dying is the want of ability to save them." Only when he no longer was of the dominant faction did he see that the people had been imposed upon by high-sounding but empty phrases. "Poor people!" he cried to the multitude who flocked to his execution, “how they have deceived you!" (Pauvre peuple, on te trompe!)

DENIS DIDEROT.

[An eminent French philosopher; born in Champagne, 1712 or 1713; supported himself in Paris by teaching, and lived many years in poverty while engaged in study; was imprisoned for his first publications, or saw them burned; founded and edited with d'Alembert the Encyclopædia, from which he retired, 1759; visited St. Peters-. burg, 1765; died in Paris, 1784.]

The first step towards philosophy is incredulity.

In his last conversation.

Another of his aphorisms will be less contested: "Only the bad man is alone."

DIOGENES.

[A Cynic philosopher; born at Sinope, in Asia Minor; lived at Athens, where he affected a contempt for the customs of society; being taken by pirates, was sold as a slave in Crete, but was kindly treated; died at Corinth, 323 B.C., aged about ninety.]

Habit is second nature.

Cicero gives us the Latin form, "Consuetudo quasi altera natura," (De Finibus, 5, 25); and, “Great is the power of habit" (Consuetudinis magna vis est) (Tusc. Disp. 2, 17). Ovid says that "nothing is stronger than habit" (nil consuetudine majus); and Quintus Curtius Rufus thinks habit to be not merely a second nature, but stronger than nature (Consuetudo naturâ potentior est).

I am seeking a man.

When seen groping about with a lighted lantern at midday, and asked what he was seeking. Doubted by Fournier, because Diogenes Laërtius has not mentioned it. Lanterns are mentioned by Eschylus and Aristophanes. When Dionysius asked Plato what business he had in Sicily, the philosopher replied, "I came to seek an honest man." - PLUTARCH: Life of Dion. Frederick the Great, writing to d'Alembert, after the latter had refused the presidency of the Berlin Academy, said, "I have been more fortunate than Diogenes, for I have found the man for whom he searched so long" (car j'ai trouvé l'homme qu'il a cherché si longtemps.)

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To show his contempt of Plato's definition of a man, as featherless biped," Diogenes exhibited a plucked cock, saying, "Here is Plato's man;" Franklin called man "a tool-making animal;" and Democritus was more comprehensive, ""Tis all that we see and know.”

But I am not derided.

To some one who said to him, "They deride you." He accounted those only to be ridiculed, says Plutarch, who feel the ridicule, and are discomposed by it. — Life of Fabius Maximus.

When asked how it was that philosophers were the followers of rich men, and not rich men of philosophers, he replied, But the one sort know what they have need of, and the other do not."

He threw away the only utensil he had, -a shell with which he drank, — after seeing a boy drink from the hollow of his hand. "He teaches me," said Diogenes, "that I preserve an unnecessary utensil.”. SENECA: Epistles, 21.

Seeing a magnificent bridge over a small stream, he remarked, "The people would do well to sell their bridge to buy water." When asked why he offered his hand to a statue, he replied, "To accustom myself to a refusal."

He replied to the question, what beast's bite was the most dangerous, "If you mean wild beasts, the slanderer's; if tame ones, the flatterer's."

When a man of bad reputation put over his door, "Let noth

ing bad enter here," Diogenes asked, "Where does the owner enter?

"I can govern men," he said, when exposed for sale in Crete: "therefore sell me to some one who needs a master." He was purchased by Xeniades, a rich citizen of Corinth, by whom he was treated kindly.

When asked by his physician, on awaking during his last illness, how he was, Diogenes replied, "Nothing, sir, only one brother anticipates another, Sleep before Death."

DIONYSIUS THE ELDER.

[Tyrant of Syracuse; born about 430 B.C.; appointed one of the generals against the Carthaginians, and persuaded the people to intrust him with the government; died 367.]

I would have somebody more hated than myself. When blamed for rewarding a wicked man, who was hated by the citizens.

In reply to the question, if he were at leisure, "God forbid,” he said, "that it should ever befall me!"

JOHN A. DIX.

[An American statesman and soldier, born in New Hampshire, 1798; removed to New York, where he became secretary of state, 1833, and United-States senator, 1845-49; secretary of the treasury, 1860-61; major-general in the civil war, and commanded the Department of the East, 1864; minister to France, 1867; died 1879.]

If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot.

Ordering by telegraph from Washington, Jan. 29, 1861, the arrest, at New Orleans, of Capt. Breshwood, the commander of the revenue cutter "McClennand," which it was feared he would turn over to the rebels.

MARCUS LIVIUS DRUSUS.

[Called Drusus Junior; an ambitious politician; tribune of the people, 91 B.C.; desired to extend Roman citizenship, but saw his laws vetoed by the senate; conspiring, therefore, against the government, he was assassinated, 91 or 90 B.C.]

Build it so that every citizen may behold every action I perform.

When his architect proposed to build a house for him in which he could screen himself from observation.

"Hardly a man will you find," says Seneca, "who could live with his door open." Talleyrand said, according to Stendhal, "The private life of a citizen ought to have a wall around it" (La vie privée d'un citoyen doit être murée). Fournier suggests that it was simple prudence for the diplomatist to make himself the apostle of discretion. L'Esprit, 437. "Choose out the wisest, brightest, noblest of mankind," said Lord Erskine, "and how many of them could bear to be pursued into the little corners of their lives?"

CARDINAL DUBOIS.

[Guillaume Dubois, a French ecclesiastic and statesman of scandalous life and character; born in Limousin, 1656; preceptor to the Duke de Chartres, afterwards the Regent Orleans, whose favor he gained by pandering to his vices; became councillor of state, and showed great astuteness in political matters; minister of foreign affairs; archbishop of Cambrai, and cardinal, 1721; prime minister the next year; died 1725.]

To become a great man, it is necessary to be a great rascal (Pour devenir grand homme, il faut être grand scélérat). It was worthy to have been the maxim of his life.

After being kicked five times by the regent, once each for the rogue, the pimp, the priest, the minister, the archbishop, Dubois coolly remarked, "I pardon you, because I await the sixth as cardinal."

JEAN FRANÇOIS DUCOS.

[A French republican; born at Bordeaux, 1765; deputy to the Convention from the Gironde, and shared the fate of his colleagues, October, 1793.]

I hope the edge of your guillotine is sharper than

your scissors.

While his hair was being cut off by the executioner. He also humorously remarked on the scaffold, "What a pity the Con

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CHARLES FRANÇOIS DUMOURIEZ.

vention did not decree the unity and indivisibility of our persons!"— as it had of the republic.

CHARLES FRANÇOIS DUMOURIEZ.

[A French statesman and general; born at Cambrai, 1739; favored the moderate party in the Revolution; minister for foreign affairs, 1792, where he gained the king's confidence; general-in-chief of the French army; defeated the Austrians at Jemappes, and conquered Belgium; having plotted a counter-revolution, was obliged to go into exile, and died in England, 1820.]

Sire, I shall often displease you, but I shall never deceive you (Je vous déplairai souvent, mais je ne vous tromperai jamais).

To Louis XVI., when made minister for foreign affairs.

When the master of ceremonies exclaimed, on Roland's first appearance at court, "Without buckles in his shoes!" Dumouriez satirically replied, “Ah, sir, all is lost!" (tout est perdu !)

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He called the Girondists "the Jesuits of the Revolution."Memoirs, III. 314. They are men skilled in advocate fence. They have been called the Jesuits of the Revolution, but that is too hard a name.” — CARLYLE : French Revolution, II. 5, 2.

When a ham, which had the cross of the Teutonic order cut in it, was brought on to the table, during one of his campaigns, Dumouriez asked, “What, does the hog, too, belong to the Teutonic order?"

While meditating a restoration of Louis XVI., in collusion with Austria, he defined his position: "Though I were to be called Cæsar, Cromwell, or Monk, I will save my country, in spite of the Jacobins and the conventional regicides who protect them." Four commissioners were sent to him by the Convention, one of whom, Bancal, urged the example of the obedience of the great men of antiquity to their country. "But," replied Dumouriez, "the Romans did not slay Tarquin. They had neither Jacobin clubs nor revolutionary tribunals. Tigers crave my head I will not give it to them. Since you cite the Romanis, I declare that I will never be a Curtius to cast myself into the gulf." The allusion is to the tradition, that, in 362 B.C., the earth in the Roman forum gave way, and a great chasm ap