high integrity. They shrink from a stain as from a wound. They stand side by side with our best.

The people of that distant empire have shown peculiar friendliness to the United States; and an act of high national justice like that which we are advocating would be for them a lesson in practical Christianity. We may easily imagine them holding up their own systems of morals for comparison with ours-oriental civilization, as against Christian civilization.

If we deal fairly, they will say "Though we do not understand your doctrines, there is practical Christianity." If we are avaricious, they will say "We prefer our paganism, which teaches honor and fair dealing."

It has been suggested at Washington that, as the United States was in company with other powers in asking indemnity, it would be a reflection upon those other powers for our government to offer to return the money. If a difficulty of that kind should be felt, I venture to suggest that our government consult with the other parties interested and invite their coöperation. In any case, the course for us is clear. The money does not belong to us. We should get rid of it, lest it burn our hands.

President NORTHROP introduced a teacher present, Prof. CHARLES HAMMOND, of Munson, Mass., who, twenty years ago, fitted YUNG WING for Yale.

Prof. Hammond spoke with regret of the absence of LAI SUN. The statement of Mr. MORI, in the pamphlet published by the President of the Association, should relieve fear in regard to the use Japan will make of indemnity money. As to China, her past educational work is sufficient guaranty.

Said YUNG WING in 1854, on leaving this country for China, "If I can do one thing for my native land, I have not lived in vain. If I could introduce in China the draft principle in stoves, it would be a great blessing to our country." He went home with two Yankee, educated eyes, to understand his country's wants and resources. When he came to America again, it was as the emissary of his country to purchase heavy machinery for steamboats and cannon. They have a way there, when any one proposes a thing, to set him about it. If he succeeds, he is a made man. He did succeed. They are making steamboats there. They have fine arsenals there. He said,-Now educate your manly men to man these ships. And they select bright men, test their health, their ability to learn, and send them here to go through the course of education which has made YUNG WING and his mates what they are, ministers of good to their native land. [Applause.]

Mr. Frank Hall, Elmira (a resident of Japan during the time of the difficulties). At first the faction was one of the native clans. Afterward the foreign element became a large integer. After the conflict which gave rise to the indemnity, the ministers of the different powers concerned got together, and the question was raised, What indemnity shall we ask? (I have these facts from a member of the diplomatic corps within twenty-four hours after the contest.) They unanimously decided, two million dollars. The next question was, How shall it be divided? The English said, "We have borne all the brunt; we will take one million, and leave the other million to be divided between America, France and Holland. The French objected, saying, “Our

national dignity does not permit us to accept less than you." The result was that they said, "Let us make indemnity three millions: let England take one, France take one, and let the other million be divided between America and Holland!" The arrangement was downright robbery. The government which Com. PERRY treated with is not the one now in power. That was overthrown in consequence of this affair of which I speak. The present government came to power by successful insurrection. They at first declared their purpose to turn out foreigners; but, finding themselves not strong enough, struck hands with us, and now conceal these facts from foreigners. It is perhaps proper to take fair indemnity, but surplus should go back without condition.

Dr. McCosh, of Princeton. Refunded money should be prevented from falling into hands of reactionary party.

Unknown Speaker.

Has not the party, though once revolutionary, now become the party of progress, and so the only party we know, Mr. Hall?

Mr. Hall, Elmira, N.Y. The present government is the only one we know; but how firmly seated we do not know. The speaker gave a sketch of the history of Japan since Com. PERRY's treaty, showing frequent changes; each party coming to power shaking hands with foreigners because they supplied ships.

Unknown Speaker, referring to wish expressed by Dr. McCosн that Congress were here, suggests that MAHOMMED go to the mountain-schoolmaster go to Congress. Lack of schoolmasters there.

On motion of R. G. WILLIAMS, of Vermont, the subject of the paper and discussion was referred to a special committee. The President appointed as such committee CHARLES HAMMOND, Massachusetts; G. W. ATHERTON, New Jersey; and W. D. HENKLE, Ohio.

An invitation from J. H. LYTLE & Co., to visit Watkins Glen, was presented and accepted, and Friday designated as the day of the excursion.

Adjourned.

EVENING SESSION.

THE Association was called to order by the President.

Dr. DANIEL READ, of Missouri, presented an address in memory of W. H. MCGUFFEY, LL.D., of Virginia, deceased, and moved the appointment of a committee to report appropriate resolutions. Dr. READ, E. S. JOYNES, of Virginia, W. R. CREERY, of Maryland, and E. T. TAPPAN, of Ohio, were appointed such committee.

ADDRESS OF DR. READ.

Mr. President: I rise before this National Association of Teachers, and in the presence of this large assemblage, in the discharge of a very mournful duty. One of our number-a member of this body, who but recently participated in our deliberations-one of the oldest and most honored of our profession, and one whose name is widely known throughout this land and to this gener

ation - has fallen by that hand which respects neither position nor usefulness, nor human greatness.

When, about the same time, the Chief Justice of the United States was removed from his high position, and summoned to a tribunal above every earthly tribunal, there was hardly a judicial body of any note in the whole nation that did not pause in the midst of the hurry and pressure of business to notice by suitable official demonstration the sad event, and to do honor to the distinguished magistrate who had finished his career with so much honor among his fellow men. And when, near the same time, there occurred still another like event, and there was removed one of the eminent divines of the country, a man honored on account of his piety, learning and eloquence on two continents, and beloved in all the churches, his body was received from a foreign land, where he had died, to his native shores amidst the highest honors and solemnities awarded to the renowned dead whose lives have exalted our This distinguished divine was Bishop McILVAINE, of Ohio.

race.

Thus, Mr. President, law, religion and education, each, almost at the same moment, lost their ablest supporter, defender and minister.

I need not say that the representative of our profession who has thus been removed from our associations and counsels is Dr. WILLIAM H. McGUFFEY. I pronounce a name familiar as a household word in every school-house, indeed in almost every family of a large portion of our country-at the time of his death, and for near thirty years preceding, the professor of moral philosophy in the University of Virginia.

He died, at his residence in that university, on the 5th day of May last, I need not add, full of years and full of usefulness. He had reached and passed his full three score and ten, and yet he fell with the harness still on and in the midst of his labors. In addition to his ordinary labors as a professor, he was at the time of his death engaged in the preparation for publication of a work on "Psychology," but whether so near completion as to admit of publication I am not informed.

I think I am not mistaken when I say he was the oldest college officer in continuous service as such in the United States. He was a Western man (though the Western man of that day has become the Eastern of this) by birth and education and early years of public service, indeed until he was nearly forty-five years old. He graduated at Washington college, Pa., under the Rev. Dr. ANDREW WYLIE, who was a most eminent teacher of youth, and much more a creator of character. Such men as HENRY STANBERY, WM. H. McGuffey, JAS. S. ROLLINS, WM. L. MARTIN, the Chinese scholar, were from his forming and moulding power.

Dr. McGUFFEY was, almost immediately after graduation, made a professor in the Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and was in that institution during all its palmiest days. Here it was that he became the author and compiler of those excellent and well-adapted reading-books belonging to the Eclectic series so extensively used in the country, and for years almost exclusively in many states. He continued a college officer with little interruption until his death. He had, however, had experience as a teacher from his early youth. After some years' service there as a professor, he became President of the Cincinnati

College, and subsequently of the Ohio University, the oldest college northwest of the Ohio river, and thence he was transferred to the Virginia University. Mr. President, there would be an eminent propriety in each of the departments of this association paying a special tribute of respect to the name of W. H. McGUFFEY.

In early life he was a most successful teacher in the department of elementary instruction, and at a later period, after he became a college professor, and while engaged on his elementary reading-books, he most laboriously taught a class of mere beginners, in order to be the better qualified to prepare a set of books to teach children by progressive steps and practical methods to read, to spell, to pronounce, and to understand the English language.

Not the less in the normal section are peculiar honors due the name of Wм. H. McGUFFEY. Before there was a normal school in the nation, Dr. McGUFFEY organized classes and formed associations to discuss methods of instruction and school management-in short, to teach teachers how to teach, and himself to study and learn the best methods of teaching. After the return of Dr. STOWE from Europe, and after he had made his famous report on the Prussian system of education to the Ohio legislature in 1836, Dr. McGUFFEY received a new impulse through the intimate relation which he sustained with that distinguished man, and became a lecturer in almost every part of Ohio on the organization of a state school system, and at the same time urging teachers to better methods of teaching and school management. But even before this time he was in the Western college of teachers (a most remarkable body, certainly, for those times) a pioneer in the discussion of the very question now before the normal department of this association.

When we come to the department of higher instruction, and look at him as the college professor and in the lecture-room, we may safely say no man in the country, perhaps no man in any country, was, in the power of exposition and explanation, his superior. I remember once to have heard a pupil of Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON say, Dr. McGUFFEY teaches HAMILTON better and more easily than Sir WILLIAM himself; and he added, he makes MILL'S Political Economy plainer than MILL.

No man ever prepared himself for the lecture and class-room with more painstaking and laborious care than did Dr. McGUFFEY. With all his quickness, versatility and readiness of speech, he was never satisfied with mere general preparation for his exercises. He was gifted with a wonderful force, point and perspicuity of language-rapid, concise, energetic, the student always felt his power and impulse as a lecturer.

I have listened to JOHN C. CALHOUN and to Dr. McGUFFEY near the same time, and could not but feel that in strength and compactness of language, in the rejection of all superfluous words and in cogent logic, Dr. McGUFFEY was by no means the inferior.

While he became a minister of the gospel, his pulpit efforts were never those of the ordinary preacher or church pastor. He was emphatically the teacher. The philosophy and ethics of the Bible, its interpretation, archæology, history, literature and defense, were largely his pulpit topics, and while discussing them he commanded the profound attention of every audience he addressed.

His Sunday-morning lectures in the old College Hall at Cincinnati in 1838 and 1839 on popular amusements, popular vices, and cognate subjects, attracted larger audiences than were drawn together by any pulpit orator of the city, and every stranger was taken to these lectures as one of the city attractions. While he belonged to a very strict sect, and at a time of great ecclesiastical prejudice, if not bitterness, he associated on terms of friendship, and indeed intimacy, with men supposed to differ widely from himself in religious views, and freely joined with them in all efforts to promote education and advance the interests of our common humanity.

With Dr. LYMAN BEECHER and Dr. JOSHUA L. WILSON, with Bishop PURCELL, the Catholic, and Mr. PERKINS, the Unitarian, with Dr. ELLIOT, the Methodist, and ASA DRURY, the Baptist, he associated on friendly and even intimate terms, and joined with them in common labors to advance the moral and intellectual growth of the city. But there was a yonnger class of men belonging to the same city, some of them to-day numbered and recognized as among the first men of the nation, upon whom the influence of Dr. McGUFFEY in leading them to independence of thought and high philosophic views was most evident. Several of these had been his pupils at Oxford (Miami University), and at Cincinnati they received him as a master thinker of the day and a leader.

In viewing this period of his life, his labors seem absolutely wonderfulalmost superhuman-indeed, the same may be said of him at every period. When at Oxford, as though it were not enough to hear large classes in Latin and Greek, he laboriously compiled his reading-books, heard a class of small children, in order to learn how to make his books, and delivered those masterly lectures through the state, on education, which gave him a wide-spread reputation.

At Cincinnati he spent from six to eight hours in the college, prepared and heard his own recitations, visited the recitation-rooms of every other professor, performed the multifarious duties of his office as president, and then was prepared to deliver those thrilling lectures which were at the time so famous. And, besides all this, he had time for large social duties, and meeting various literary and scientific appointments.

In the winter of 1839-'40, at Athens, we met as a faculty each morning at 5 o'clock in the university, read together a chapter of the Hebrew Bible, heard our first recitation at 6, were busy many hours of the day, and had prayers at 4 Dr. McGUFFEY never failed.

P.M.

His punctuality was absolutely perfect. In the Virginia University, his publisher, WINTHROP B. SMITH, visited him during a vacation. He said to me, after his return, I found your friend, the doctor, busy several hours every day in preparing his lectures for the next term.

Had he been less puuctual-less laborious, less earnest in his work,-he would have been more popular with that class of easy, indolent, good-natured professors, too numerous, to whom his life was a perpetual reproach.

In the last letter I ever received from Dr. McGUFFEY occurs this sentence, in the review of his life with which he was pleased to couple my own: "Labor," he says, "with us was first a necessity-it has long been a luxury."