integral base which does not allow a particle of dust to find its way under the tub.

A fine enameled iron bathtub on the Roman pattern is shown in Fig. 19. It is provided also with integral base and can

Fig. 18. Enameled-Iron Bathtub with Floor Cut Away to Show Waste, Overflow, and Supply Courtesy of Federal-Huber Company, Chicago

be placed in either the right or left corner or free from all walls; but the best position, everything considered, is with the fitting side near the wall and not against either end of the room.

Fig. 19. Enameled-Iron Bathtub with Four-Inch Roll Rim. Fixtures Located
in Center of Wall Side

The solid porcelain tubs are ideal from a sanitary point of view, yet they are very heavy, averaging 1200 pounds each, and occasionally the floor is not capable of supporting them. Further

more, the porcelain absorbs a tremendous amount of heat, and an efficient domestic hot-water supply must be installed, otherwise the tubs feel cold to the body and the water cools rapidly. These tubs are capable of withstanding considerable rough treatment and can be recommended highly for hotels and public institutions.

The last word in bathtubs from a sanitary standpoint is illustrated in Fig. 20, and embraces every modern feature, being provided with integral base, glazed inside and outside, and made to tile into the walls 11⁄2 inches at the back and both ends. It is made in solid porcelain or porcelain enameled cast iron, and the following are the approximate measurements: length, 5 feet, 5 feet

6 inches, or 6 feet; width over all, 30 inches; inside depth, 19 inches; height from floor to top of rim, 21 inches.

SPECIAL BATHS

Shower Baths. At one time, shower or rain baths were used principally in barracks, gymnasiums, schools, etc., but now the public demands both the shower and spray in the toilet rooms.

Many medical men advocate the action of jets or streams of water as the most hygienic method of bathing, for the impact results in stimulating the proper action of the skin and the body does not collect the soap and dirt floating on the surface of the

water.

The older form of showers which direct the water vertically upon the head of the bather are not so desirable as those in which the outlet is inclined and placed at about the level of the shoulders, thus avoiding wetting the head unless desired. Indeed, all the essentials of a bath of this kind are met by a water-supplied rubber tube discharging at about the level of the waist over a tight floor or pan provided with a drain.

Showers, sprays, and rubber hose suitable for attaching to the bathtub faucets can be purchased for about $1.00 in any plumbing or hardware store, while the most elegant shower with mixing

valve, douche, needle spray, rose spray, and shampoo attachment, Fig. 21, can be purchased for $230.00.

A point concerning shower fixtures and relating to the safety of the user, to which special attention should always be given, is that of the valve arrangement. An adequate mixing valve is an essential part of the shower, especially so with the elaborate combinations, otherwise one is liable, inadvertently, to scald himself at first by turning on the hot water alone.

Sitz Baths. Sitz baths are primarily for bathing the hips and loins in a sitting posture but may be fitted with special features if so ordered. Solid porcelain and enameled iron are the usual

materials of construction. The fixtures approximate in dimensions, 15 inches in height at the front, 26 inches at the back, and are about 30 inches wide. In the back, at a proper height, is a horizontal slit accommodation fitting for a liver spray, a wide wave-like spray of water, either hot, cold, or of intermediate temperature, as suits the individual. Fig. 22 shows the latest type of sitz bath with integral base, 3-inch roll rim, china indexed handles,

Fig. 23. Porcelain Foot Bath with Standard etc., while in the bottom, in con

Fittings

Courtesy of Federal-Huber Company,

Chicago

junction with the outlet, is a hot

and cold douche under control of

the user. In the center of the douche, and operated independently, is a bidet jet, making the fixture exceedingly useful.

Foot Baths. An ordinary sitz bath can be used conveniently for a foot bath, but where there is no demand for such a bath,