rewarding public servants was one' of the least expensive that could be pursued, and moved the order of the day. Mr. Bennett, as an instance of abuse, quoted the pension of 30001. which had been granted to Lord Sidmouth, a man just as much calculated to fill a ministerial situation as one of the door-keepers of the House. The Marquis of Londonderry said, he regarded with indignation the disgusting language, in which the hon. member for Shrewsbury had spoken of his noble friend. -The House divided, for passing to the order of the day, 143-for the motion, 42-majority, 101.

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JUNE 27.-Mr. Wilberforce moved an address to his Majesty, conjuring him to renew his remonstrances to foreign courts on the subject of the slave trade. The hon. gentleman stated that, although the Cortes of Spain had, most creditably to themselves, passed a law inflicting a severe penalty on any one who should be found dealing in slaves, yet that the trade was still carried on by the Portuguese; and, which was still worse, by the French to an enormous extent. The Marquis of Londonderry did not oppose the motion, which was agreed to

JUNE 28. In answer to a question from Mr. W. Smith, the Marquis of Londonderry said, that Goverment were not in possession of the details respecting the ten or twelve hostages of Scio, who had been executed at Constantinople. Great barbarities had been committed by both parties; although he did not mean to say that that fact justified the recent event at Constantinople.-Sir J. Mackintosh asked, if any dispatches had been received from our ambassador to the Ottoman court, on the subject of the persons recently murdered by the barbarous tyrants of Constantinople. -The Marquis of Londonderry replied, that none of the persons lately executed at Constantinople, stood in such a relation to the British Government as to justify our interference on the principle of protection; although our ambassador had certainly interfered on the principle of humanity. On the report of the resolution for diminishing the amount of the salt duties being brought up, Mr. Curwen moved as an amendment, "that the duties, payable on British

salt in Great Britain and Ireland, should cease and determine." A division took place for the amendment, 92-against it, 104-majority, 12.

JULY 1.-The Chancellor of the

Exchequer brought forward the budget, and observed that the revenue was rapidly improving, and that the public credit was in the most satisfactory state. Mr. Maberley exposed the inconsistencies of his Majesty's Government with respect to the Sinking Fund, and strongly recommended a further reduction of our expenditure.-Mr. Ricardo contended, that the real efficient Sinking Fund amounted only to 1,400,0001. -Mr. Hume declared that the statements of the Chancellor of the Exchequer were entirely visionary. The resolutions were agreed to.- Mr. Secretary Peel then moved the commitment of the Alien Bill, which was opposed by Mr. Hobhouse, as involving principles that must lead to an infringement of the liberty of the state. On a division there appeared, for the Speaker's leaving the chair, 142-against it, 60—majority 82.

JULY 2.-Mr. Hobhouse moved three resolutions, the last of which went to declare the expediency of taking off the tax on houses and windows.-The Chancellor of the Exchequer gave the motion his decided opposition. The House divided-For the motion, 59-against it, 146-majority, 87.

JULY 5.-Sir J. Mackintosh asked his Majesty's Ministers, if they had received an authentic copy of the Ukase of the Emperor of Russia, claiming as Russian dominions the N. E. coast of Asia, and the N. W. coast of America, being an extent of coast of five thousand miles ?The Marquis of Londonderry replied, that a copy of the Ukase had been received, and that his Majesty's Government had addressed a note to the Russian ambassador, stating that they could not accede to the principle of the Ukase, but offering to enter into a friendly explanation on the subject.

JULY 8.-Mr. Goulburn moved, that the house should resolve itself into a Committee on the Irish Insurrection Bill.-Sir R. Wilson opposed the motion, adverted to several acts of extreme oppression, which

had taken place in Ireland; pointed out a number of grievances of which the Irish had to complain, especially the system of tithes; and concluded by moving an instruction to the Committee to investigate the causes of the present distress of that country, with a view to its removal without the adoption of any unconstitutional measure. This proposition was negatived, the numbers being 17 in its favour; 135 against it; majority 118.

JULY 9.-Mr. Courtenay called the attention of the House to two publications, which he had no doubt they would consider breaches of their privileges. The one was a letter to J. Abercromby, M.P. by John Hope, Esq. commenting in very strong terms on the speech which that hon. gentleman had recently made in that House, with respect to the conduct of several individuals in Scotland; the other was a correspondence between Mr. Abercromby and Mr. Menzies, on the same subject, which had been published in the Courier. Having read the offensive paragraphs in these publications, he moved, that they were breaches of the privileges of the House. The motion was agreed to ; Mr. Hope, and Mr. Menzies, were ordered to attend at the bar of the House on the 17th, and Mr. Abercromby was ordered to attend forthwith.

JULY 10.-Mr. Nolan obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the laws respecting the poor. The hon. and learned gentleman stated that the principal object which he had in view, was to bring back the system of the poor laws to the intention of the statute of Elizabeth.-Mr. Western again called the attention of the House to the evils, which had resulted from Mr. Peel's bill, and moved eighteen resolutions, embodying his opinions on the subject. Mr. Richards contended, in opposition to the hon. member for Essex, that the bill of 1797 had been the cause of the evils which the country had endured, and that the bill of 1819, was the remedy.-Lord Milton was of opinion, that the only advisable measure was the reduction of taxation to a large amount. The resolutions were negatived without a division.

JULY 12-Mr. Abercromby appearing in his place, Mr. Courtenay moved, that he should be enjoined not to prosecute any quarrel against any person or persons, arising out of the publications which the House had pronounced breaches of privilege. The motion having been agreed to, the Speaker accordingly so enjoined Mr. Abercromby.

JULY 15.-Sir J. Mackintosh presented a petition from certain inhabitants of Lees, Ashton-under-Line, in Lancashire, expressing their horror at the murder of their Christian brethren, the Greeks, by those inhuman barbarians the Turks, and praying for the interference of the House. The hon. and learned gentleman observed, that for himself he could not help entertaining a wish, that the powers of Europe would make a simultaneous effort in favour of that brave and persecuted people.-Mr. Hutchinson, and Mr. Wilberforce declared their strong sympathy in the cause of the unfortunate Greeks. The Marquis of Londonderry said, that Ministers had done their utmost to recommend pacific and conciliatory measures to the Turkish government; at the same time he regretted to observe, that there were as many acts of ferocity and cruelty perpetrated on the one side, as on the other.- Sir R. Wilson urged the repeal of the foreign enlistment bill, to enable the Greeks to receive assistance from the subjects of this country. Lord A. Hamilton contended, that the conduct of England towards the Greeks was not creditable to her as a nation. On the motion for going into a Committee of supply, Mr. Hume called the attention of the House to the large sums levied by the Consul General of the Brazils, and his Vice Consuls, very much to the detriment of trade. The Marquis of Londonderry admitted that the facts were strong; but thought that the hon. gentleman's statement must be exaggerated.

JULY 17.-Mr. Brougham presented a petition from Mr. John Lawless, of Belfast, complaining of the outrages consequent on the orange processions, which had been permitted in Ireland on the 12th inst. Mr. Spring Rice, Sir J.

Mackintosh, Mr. Hutchison, and Mr. Brougham warmly condemned such processions.- Mr. Goulburn, and Sir G. Hill, concurred in reprobating the practice, but declared that great provocation had been given by the other party.-In pursuance of the order of the House, Mr. Hope appeared at the bar, and, in an address to the House, justified his conduct; at the same time expressing his regret that the course, which he had felt it imperative upon him to pursue in vindication of his honour and character, had led to an act which was an apparent violation of the previleges of the House. After some discussion, Mr. Hope was recalled to the bar, and told by the Speaker that, as he had expressed his regret at what had occurred, the House, under all the circumstances of the case, had determined not to proceed any further. Mr. Menzies then appeared, explained his conduct, and was also discharged from further attendance.-Sir J. Mack

intosh asked his Majesty's Ministers, whether any representation had been made to Spain, which related to the recognition of the independence of South America by Great Britain? The Marquis of Londonderry re plied, that unless he were to give a detailed answer, which could be done only on a specific motion, what he said on the subject would be liable to misrepresentation.

JULY 18. A considerable discussion took place on the motion by Mr. Wilmot, for the House to go into a Committee on the Canada trade bill. On a division, the numbers were, for the motion, 48; against it, 14; majority, 34. The bill then passed through the Committee.

JULY 19.. The motion for the third reading of the Alien bill produced a long debate. On a division, there appeared in favour of the third reading, 75; against it, 32; majority, 43.

confidence. But on the evening of the 2d of July, four battalions of the guards, amounting to between one thousand five hundred and two thousand men, evinced symptoms of insubordination; and after displaying much disorder and tumult, raised the standard of revolt. Finding that there was no expectation of support from any of the civil party, they retired to the Pardo, an old palace on the other side of the Manzanares. Pressed, however, by the want of provisions, they formed the project of attacking the city on the morning of the 7th, at an early hour, conceiving, that the militia and armed in habitants, who had been on duty for several days and nights successively, might easily be overcome. With this view, they left their position in the night, and at daylight entered the avenues leading to the Square of the Constitution; where they found four companies of militia, and a detachment of cavalry, supported by two pieces of artillery. The guards, shouting "Long live the absolute King," immediately commenced a brisk fire. When they reached the line occupied by the militia, two grenadier companies of the latter, and a company of chasseurs, attacked them, and considerable loss was experienced on both sides. At six in the morning, General Morillo ordered a piece of artillery to be placed in the main street, to prevent the escape of the guards in that direction. The mutineers then retreated, in two bodies, towards the palace, to join two battalions of their comrades, which still remained there under the pretext of guarding the person of the King. On their way, they were repeatedly charged by the regiment of the Prince, crying out, "Long live Liberty." The King's stables, where the guards had collected and posted themselves, were next attacked by General Morillo, at the head of the militia and forced with fixed bayonets. Repulsed on all sides, the mutineers offered to enter into negociations; and, after several partial actions, on the 8th they surrendered,

and the Bishop of Madrid performed a solemn mass, in honour of the triumph gained, in presence of the militia. It is said, that all the King's ministers have since resigned, and positively refused his Majesty's solicitation to resume their functions. This, however, is mere rumour.

The contest between the Greeks and the Turks continues to be vigorously maintained on both sides.A most atrocious act of barbarity has been committed by the Turkish Government, in the execution of ninety-five Greek merchants, eightyfive at Scio, and ten at Constantinople, who had been detained above twelve months as hostages for the good behaviour of their brethren in the Isle of Scio. The Samiotes, having invaded the Island of Scio, compelled some of the inhabitants to join them; in consequence of which, the Turks massacred, or carried into slavery, the whole of the unfortunate islanders; and then sacrificed their generous and unoffending securities! A Russian document, bearing the stamp of authority, has been published in some of the continental journals. It declares, first, that the cause of the Greeks, being one of rebellion and insubordination, can never be espoused by the Emperor Alexander, without a departure from the principles to which he pledged himself at the Congress of Vienna; and, secondly, that peace being no less the interest than the wish of his Imperial Majesty, he has accepted the mediation of friendly powers, for the adjustment of the differences subsisting between the Russian and Ottoman governments.

News has been received at Lisbon, from Rio Janeiro, and Pernambuco, announcing the independent feeling of the people, and adding that although no actual declaration of independence had been made, yet that virtually the Brazils were no longer under the controul of the mother country. At Lisbon, the King seems to leave the direction of public affairs entirely at the disposal of the Cortes.

POLAND.

New Publications.-The youth of Sweden, having no powerful motive or real interest to engage them in the military service, since the re-establishment of peace, have devoted themselves chiefly to the study of the Arts and Sciences. The severity of censure, which characterizes the political Journals of Warsaw, has led to the extinction of the greater part of them; but periodical, literary, and scientific works are very numerous. Even the military do not disdain the courtship of the Muses.

M. Niemcewikz, one of the most distinguished among them, is preparing a Philosophic Grammar. The name of the illustrious author is associated with every species of glory, which has tended to raise the character and national splendor of Poland within the last fifty years; and he still continues his watchful care of the welfare of his country. He has published Memoirs to serve as documents for the History of

Poland. A German Polish Dictionary, which an inhabitant of Dantzic has been compiling during the last thirty years, is also being printed at Warsaw; also a curious work, called, the Sportman's Dictionary. The greater part of new works are printed at Glügsberg, where they are brought out in the first style of excellence. It is to be regretted, that the booksellers are restricted in their intercourse with foreign nations. In general, the sale of books, particularly foreign and political works, is subject to many obstacles'; and the want of a general trade, which raises the price very considerably, is another inconvenience which retards the circulation of knowledge, and the progress of instruction.

GERMANY.

Mechanics.-The Government of Baden has offered a prize of from fifty to one hundred ducats, out of the Treasury, to any person who will invent a machine proper to scour the sands of the Rhine, which contain particles of gold; by means of which one individual may collect, in one day, as much gold as two or three workmen can in the ordinary way. The new machine is to be constructed in such a manner, that a workman may handle it as readily as the one now in use. The expence of it must not exceed, twice or thrice that of the old machine. The

different models must be publicly exhibited, so that the common workmen may scour the sand with both instruments, and verify the results.

ITALY.

Archeology-A complete edition of the works of Visconti is being printed at Milan, without note or comment; the editors wishing to give them to the world in all their original purity. The last volume will contain an examination of such of the opinions of Visconti, as have become the subject of criticism. Two German writers, M. M. Kohler and Bottiger, have published a memoir, in which they manifest prejudices not calculated to place the present edition in a favorable point of view. They maintain, that the errors of the celebrated antiquary ought to be expunged; but they do not seem to take into consideration, that these errors were, in a manner, unavoidable, in a work of such vast extent and that, notwithstanding these errors, Visconti may still pass for the most learned antiquary in Europe.

Fine Arts. The group of Mars and Venus has been exhibited at the house of Canova, at Rome. The group was executed for his present Majesty, the King of England. It is easy to perceive the difficulty of such a work, and the immense distance between its first conception, and perfect execution. It would seem, that the artist was desirous of uniting, at once, the severe and tender, or graceful style with each other. The contrast has produced a most delightful effect, and gives a character of originality to this new production of the Italian sculptor. The attitude of Venus, her tender and moving aspect, seems to indicate, that she wishes to prevail on Mars to desist from the mili. tary exploits which he meditates. The connoisseurs regard the present production as one of the most distinguished which the artist has ever produced, whether we consider the merit of the composition, the beauty of forms, or the dignity of expression.

Chemistry.-M. Pepe, Professor of Chemistry at Naples, has discovered a means of preserving all sorts of metals, as iron, pewter, bronze, &c. from the effects of air and water, by covering them with a metallic plaster, which can only be removed by the file, and which, after polishing, becomes as white