ALARMISTS.-Persons in the habit of spreading disastrous reports, both false and true.

Anarchists. A name given by the Gironde party to the members of the National Convention, who were partisans of Marat, and supporters of the reign of terror.

Anti-Revolutionists.-Supporters of the Bourbon government, and enemies to the Revolution.

Apitoyeurs. Pitiers.-A name given at the first breaking out of the Revolution to those, who felt compassion for the emigrants and oppressed clergy.

Aristocrats.-Supporters of the old Bourbon government, and of the privileged orders.

Assemblies.-These Assemblies were numerous: the first was, the "Assemblé des Notables (nobles) met at Versailles, on Feb. 27, 1787. A second Session, or Convocation of this Assembly, commenced on Nov. 16, 1788.-The Etats Genéraux, an assembly consisting of the three orders of Nobility, Clergy, and Commons, met at Versailles, on May 5, 1789. This Assembly sat in three distinct bodies, but the Commons" branch obtained their object, in compelling the two higher orders to coalesce with them; and these met as one body, at Paris, on Nov. 9, 1789, and assumed the title of the National, or Constitutional Assembly. A new Constitution was formed on Sept. 3, 1791, and this National or Constitutional Assembly was dissolved on the 30th of that month, and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly on Oct. 1, 1791. This was succeeded by the National Convention on Sept. 21, 1792.-The National Convention brought Louis to the scaffold, and established the reign of terror; but the Republican Government was again re-modelled; the National Convention abolished; and two Houses of Parliamant established on Oct. 28, 1795, the Council of Ancients, and the Council of Five Hundred.-These were superceded by the following Assemblies, successively established.

Eur. Mag. Vol. 83.

Conservative Senate, Dec. 25, 1799. Legislative Body, Corps Legislatif, Jan. 1, 1800.-Tribunal, same day.

House of Peers, appointed by Louis, June 4, 1814.-House of Deputies, June 4, 1814.-Houseof Peers, appointed by Napoleon, June 7, 1815.House of Representatives, appointed by Napoleon, same day.-House of Peers, and House of Deputies, appointed by the King, Oct. 7, 1815. This Chamber of Deputies was dissolved by the King on Sept. 5, 1816, since which, 1-fifth of the Chamber is renewed at the end of each year.

Avilisseurs. Contemners.-This name was given, at the commencement of the Revolution, to those who despised the revolutionary party, their government, their armies, their officers, their resources, and their conduct and pretensions.

Babouvistes. The party attached to Babeuf, the advocate of a popular government.

Bascule.-The scheme of neutralising parties, by bestowing factitious favours or advantages on the weaker side, to the degree of equalising it with its opponents.

Blues. A name given to the Republican soldiery by the Chouans, and the people of La Vendeé.

Bonapartists. Persons attached to the Emperor Napoleon.

Bonnets-rouges-Red-caps.-A name applied to those ardent Republicans, who, in their enthusiasm, had assumed caps of this sanguinary colour.

Brigands de la Loire.-Robbers of the Loire.-A name, which a few of the French applied to the wreck of Napoleon's army, which retreated, and took up a position behind the Loire, on the advance of the English and Prussians to Paris, in 1815.

Brissotines. A party in the National Convention, headed by Brissot, and opposed to Robespierre, by whom they were eventually overcome.

Buzotines. A party in the National Convention, headed by Buzot.

Camp de Jalès. A military body of the nobles, in the Department of the Velai, (Upper Loire) which, in

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1790, excited the people of the central provinces against the government of the National Assembly. Capetians.-The Kings of the race of Capet were thus called; but at the Revolution, the name was applied to all the supporters of the Bourbon Dynasty.

Carmagnole.-A dress which, with the bonnet-rouge, denoted the thorough Jacobin, in 1793. It was also a name given to the Republican soldiers by the Royalist, and applied, also, to the exaggerated and bombastic reports of the Committees of Government, which were made by the orators to the Tribunes, with a view of sustaining the public spirit and confidence of the people.

Center. A short designation of the ministerial Deputies, applied to them from their habit of occupying the centre of the House of Deputies. The term is synonymous with our term of "the Treasury Bench," i. e. the lower form or bench on the right of the chair.“

Cent Jours. Hundred days. The period between March 20, 1815, and July 8, following; i.e. the day of Louis's flight from Paris, on Buonaparte's approach from Elba, and his entering Paris, after the battle of Waterloo.

Chamber of Deputies.-The Elective, or lower branch of the French Legislature.

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Chambre Introuvable.-Invisible Chamber.-A term of ridicule, applied to the Chamber of Deputies, convened by Louis in Oct. 1815, and dissolved in the year following.

Charter. A declaration of those moderate principles of government to which Louis pledged himself, by a proclamation, dated May 2, 1814. Chevaliers du Poignard.-Knights of the Poignard, or Stiletto.-The Gentlemen and Knights of St. Louis, who, in 1791, made it a point to appear always with daggers and pistols. They were disarmed on Feb. 28, by the National Guards

Chouans.A set of wretches, who, under the pretence of fighting for the Crown, robbed the mails and passen gers on the highways. These are often erroneously confounded with

the Vendeans.

Clichi, or Clichien. After the destruction of Robespierre, 9 Thermidor, year 2, those members of

the Convention, who wished to restore the monarchy, used to meet at the Jardin de Clichi, and afterwards at the house of the Deputy La Haye. The party was destroyed by the Řevolution of 18 Fructidor, or year 5. Compagnies de Jésus et du Soleil. Companies of Jésus, and the Sun. -Associations of young men, who, after the death of Robespierre, committed numerous assassinations, under pretence of avenging those who had fallen victims to the reign of

terror.

Constitutionnels. Constitutionalists.-Supporters of the Constitution, in opposition to the Royalists.

Constitutions.-The different Constitutions were as follows:-First. declared Sept. 3, 1791, and sanctioned by Louis XVI. Sept. 13, 1791. -Second, declared by the Convention, June 24, 1793, and accepted by the people on the 10th of August following. Third, declared Aug. 17, 1795.-Fourth, established Feb. 7, 1800.-Fifth, a Senatus Consultum, organising this Constitution, Aug. 4, 1802.-Sixth, Constitutional Charter, issued by Louis XVIII. on June 4, 1814.-Seventh, additional Acts, relative to the Constitution, passed April 22, 1815.

Contre-Revolutionaire, or AntiRevolutionists. Opposers of the Revolution.

Conventionnels. - Conventionalists-Members of the National Convention.

Cordeliers. A Club, which assembled in 1793, in the Church of the Cordeliers, or Franciscan Friars, and became the rivals of those who assembled in the Convent of the Jacobins.

Côté Droit, and Côté Gauche.The Ministerial, and the Popular or Opposition side of the House of Deputies, the Coté Droit being the Government party.

Crapauds de Marais. Toads of the Marsh. (Vide Marais.)

Crête. The Crest, or Summit. (See Mountain.)

Dantonistes.Dantonists. The Partisans of the Deputy Danton.

Demagogues.-A term of reproach applied to the Revolutionary leaders for misguiding the public opinion. Democrats. The advocates of democracy.

Doctrinaires.

-The independent

Eteignoirs. Extinguishers. Those who opposed the advances which the literati were making in science and philosophy.

Fayettists. Those enlightened and moderate persons, who were partisans of the Marquis de la Fayette, during the period of his commanding the National Guards.

Federalists.-Girondists.- Moderates. These designations were applied by Robespierre to the Deputies from the Department of the Gironde, and whose plans were to support the Communes of Paris, and to establish a federative Republic between a certain number of the Departments. The Girondists were overthrown by the Revolution of May 31, 1793.

Federists. The youth of France, of all conditions, who voluntarily flocked to the ranks, on the advance of the English and Prussians, in 1815.

Feuillans. Mendicant Friars.Order of St. Bernard.-At the close of the Constituent Assembly, the moderate Deputies assembled in the neighbourhood of the Feuillans, to oppose with vigour the Jacobins. They were, therefore, nic-named Feuillans.

Fructidorisé.-The Directory having overthrown the Clichien party, the greater number of that party were dismissed from the Assembly on the 19th Fructidor, year 5.-Å man was therefore said to be fructi dorisé when he was ejected from any of the public Assemblies.

Giroudins.. - Girondists. (Vide Federalists, &c.)

Girouettes. Weather-cocks. Those who were always supporting the strongest party.

Ignorantins. Blockheads. -A name applied to all the Supporters of the old system of partial instruction, and of suppressing the diffusion of knowledge.

Immobiles.Immovables. The opposite of the Girouettes. Persons distinguished by their perseverance in the same opinions. It is also applied to the followers of the Bourbons, who are declared by the French to have "learnt nothing, and to have forgot nothing," by the events of the last forty years.

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Implacables. The assassins of the South of France, and those who in 1815 and 1816 committed outrage on the Buonapartists under plea of retaliation.

Independans.-Independents. (See

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191791 June 21. The king secretly leaves Paris. 3201792-June 20. The populace repair to the Thuilleries and oblige the king to put on the bonnet rouge, or red cap of liberty.-August 10. Attack of the Thuilleries; dethronement and arrest of the king.-Sept. 2 and 3. Dreadful massacres in the prisons of Paris.

1793-Jan. 21. Execution of Louis XVI. May 31. Triumph of Robespierre and the mountain party Over the Girondins and moderate party. Oct. 16. Execution of the queen Marie-Antoinette.

1794-July 27, or 9 Thermidor, year 2, Fall and death of Robes pierre.

1795-April 1, or 12 Germinal, year 3. Attack of the populace of Paris against the national convention, May 22-23.-1, 2, and 3 Prarial. Another attempt of the populace, who assassinate the deputy Féraud. Oct. 5, or 13 Vendiniarre, year 4. Attack of the Convention by the sections of Paris. The assailants obliged to retire with loss.

1797-Sept. 4, or 18 Fructidor, year 5. Dissolution of the Corps Legislatif, and triumph of the Directory.

1799. June 18, or 30 Prarial, year 7. The Council of Ancients and the Council of 500 overthrow the power of the directors, Merlin, la Reveilliere-Lepaux and Rewhel. Nov. 8, 18 Brumaire, year 8. Revolution in favour of Buonaparte. €1800Dec, 24, 3 Nivose, year 9. Attempt against the life of the first consul, Buonaparte, by the explosion of the infernal machine.sci, Mard 802 - August 2. Buonaparte proclaimed first consul for life.

1804-May-18. Elevation of Buonaparte to the throne.-Dec. 2. Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine. 1810-April 2. Marriage of Napoleon with Marie Louise, archduchess of Austria.

1814--April 4.--Buonaparte signs his abdication at Fontainbleau.

Liberaux-Liberals. Persons supporting rational liberty in opposition to corrupt and arbitrary power.

Liberticides.--Enemies of liberty. Manége.--It was in the Salle du Manege that were held the sessions of the constituent, the legislative and conventional assemblies, and in which were assembled the jacobins of 1799.

Marais

Plaines-Ventres.-Designations or nick-names of the parties distinguished in the legislative assembly and national convention. The Plaines or Ventres were those, who wished to neutralize the violence of parties by keeping them nearly balanced; they opposed the Mountain party before the events of May 31, 1793, and were called the toads of the marsh, crapauds du marais.

*** Maratistes—Maratists. Partisans of Marat.

---Marsellais.-The regiment from Marseilles, which was most violent in the attack of the Thuilleries on Aug. 10, 1792.

Ministeriels.---Ministerial members of the Chamber of Deputies.

Modérés. Moderate persons.Vide Federalists.

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Monarchiens. Monarchists. Those who during the republican government supported the cause of monarchy.

Montagne ou Crête.---The Mountain or Crest Party. The most extravagant revolutionary party of the Convention, taking its name from their assuming the highest benches on the right of the hall.

Muscodins.---A muscadin is a delicate sugar-plum, flavoured with musk, and the name was given to those young persons who displayed superiority of dress to distinguish them from the sans-culottes, or raga-muffins.

Partisans de la liste civil.-Persons who are believed to have sold themselves to the court...

Patriotes de 89.---Patriots of 1789. -Those who have supported the cause of the revolution from its commencement in 1789.

Philosopher. --- Philosophers used synonymously with Liberaux. Prêtres Assermentés. Sworn Priests.---The clergy who swore fidelity to the civil constitution of the church, enacted in 1791.

Prêtres Insermentés ou réfractaires. ---Non juring clergy..The opposite to the preceding.

Queue de Robespierre,--Remnants of Robespierre.Those of the Robespierre party who survived the revolution of 9 Thermidor, year 2. Réaction.Triumph of any opposition whatsoever.

Revolutionaires.---Revolutionists. ---The most extravagant partisans of the revolution.

Sans-Culottes.---Breechless or raga-muffin.---A term of derision applied to the revolutionists, but which they afterwards bore with exultation. Septembriseurs.---Septemberists. The participators in those massacres which took place in Paris on Sept. 2 and 3, 1792.

Suspects. Suspected persons. Those whom the Republicans imagined to be hostile to the principles of the Revolution.

Terreur de 1793.-Terror of 1793. -A Name applied to the ferocious Government of Robespierre.

Terreur de 1815 and 1816. Terror of 1815 and 1816.-Terms meant to designate the injustice and oppression practised against the Liberal party in those years.

Terrorists. Partisans of Robespierre, Marat, and the Mountain leaders..

Theophilanthropes.-Theo-philanthropists.-Members of a Sect, professing deism and the love of their fellow-creatures. It was established by Le Paux, Member of the Executive Directory. All were eligible to the priesthood.

Thermidoriens.-Those who overthrew Robespierre on the 9th Thermidor, year 2.

Ultras. A name assumed by those who carry the attachment to absolute monarchy to the utmost excess. ****

Vendéens. Vendeans. The simple and bigoted peasantry of the Department of La Vendée, who rose en masse in 1793, 1794, and 1795, and fought against the Republican troops with enthusiasm.— They avoided robbery, and all the criminal excesses of the Chouans.

Vendemiairistes. Those of the Sections of Paris, who attacked the Convention on the 13th Vendemiaire, year 4.

Ventre-Belly. The middle of the Hall or Chamber of the Legislature. (Vide Centre.)

Verdets-Verdet is a poisonous drug, something similar to verdigrise. The term of verdet is applied to secret organisations, supposed to exist in central provinces of France, and ready to be brought into action against the government, if opportunity occurred.

Volontaires Nationaux.-National Volunteers. Those who enrolled themselves in favour of the Revolution, before the levée en masse, from the age of 18 to 25, proclaimed Aug. 3, 1793.

Volontaires Royaux.-Royal Volunteers. Young men who volunteered to precede the King for his protection. They were very few until after the second Restoration.

Voltigeurs de Louis XIV.A name given in reproach to the number who now exact rewards from the Court, for long and persevering loyalty, but whose loyalty was never heard of, until the Court had the ability to give. Votans. Voters.Members of the National Convention, who voted for the death of Louis XVI. HOE SLOV