P. 430, 1. 21. an old astrologer. Mr. Isaac Bickerstaff of the Tatler was an astrologer.

1. 22. a dumb man; i.e. the Spectator. Thus my Want of, or rather Resignation of Speech, gives me all the Advantages of a dumb Man. (Spectator, No. 4, p. 113, 1. 26, in this volume.)

a lion. The lion is the Lion's Head Letter-box on the Venetian pattern set up in July, 1713, at Button's Coffee House to receive contributions to the Guardian (v. Nos. 98 and 114). From Button's it passed to the Shakespeare Head Tavern, and thence to the Bedford, where it served for Hill's Inspector. It is now in the possession of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey. Under it are the lines:—

'Servantur Magnis Isti Cervicibus Ungues;

Non Nisi Delectâ Pascitur Ille Ferâ.'

(Martial, Bk. i, Ep. 23 and 61.)

A sketch of this grotesque relic from the English Illustrated Magazine for September, 1884, is to be found at p. 448 of this volume.

P. 431, 1. 2. the old Roman fable. See the fable of the Belly and the Members in Coriolanus, Act i, Sc. 1, where Shakespeare relates it after North's Plutarch. It is a fine instance of his transmuting power.

1. 14. Carthaginian faith. 'Punica fides." P. 432, 1. 8. very severe upon the Merchant. Cf. the Conscious Lovers, act iv, sc. 2: Sir, as much a Cit as you take me for-I know the Town and the World-and give me leave to say that we Merchants are a Species of Gentry, that have grown into the World this last Century, and are as honourable, and almost as useful, as you landed Folks, that have always thought yourselves so much above us; for your trading, forsooth! is extended no farther, than a Load of Hay, or a fat Ox.-You are pleasant People, indeed; because you are generally bred up to be lazy, therefore I warrant you, Industry is dishonourable.'

P. 434, 1. 11. a merchant. Cf. Spectator, No. 109, p. 121, of this volume. 1. 24. The new-erected lottery, i. e. the first state lottery of 1710. See also Tatler, Nos. 170 and 203.

P. 435, l. 14. a hundred and fifty thousand, etc. This will be best explained by an extract from Ashton's Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne, 1882, i. 114:- There were 150,000 tickets at £10 each, making £1,500,000, the principal of which was to be sunk, and 9 per cent. to be allowed on it for 32 years. Three thousand seven hundred and fifty tickets were prizes from £1000 to £5 per annum; the rest were blanksa proportion of thirty-nine to one prize, but, as a consolation, each blank was entitled to fourteen shillings per annum during the thirty-two years.' The following passages from the Wentworth Papers, 1883, pp. 127, 129, refer to the drawing of this lottery in the ensuing July and August:

I hear the Million Lottry is drawing and thear is a prise of 400 £ a year drawn, and Col. St. Pear has gott 5 (sic) a year; it will be hard fate if you miss a pryse that put soe much in. I long tel its all drawn; k k

they say it will be six weeks drawing (August 1, 1710).' Again, 'The Million Lottry is drawing, and som very ordenary creeture has gott 400 £ a year.' (August 4, 1710.) It was still proceeding in September: [Sep.] 15 [1710]. To-day Mr. Addison, Colonel Freind and I went to see the million lottery drawn at Guildhall. The jackanapes of blue-coat boys gave themselves such airs in pulling out the tickets, and shewed white hands open to the company to let us see there was no cheat.' (Journal to Stella.) There is an old print of 1710 which exhibits the blue-coat boys, who drew the tickets, at their work. (See also Tatler, Nos. 170 and 203.)

P. 435, l. 15. a plumb. See note to p. 222, 1. 16. 1. 20. Mr. Morphew. See note to p. 71, l. 19.

P. 436, 1. 13. whirling her mop. Cf. Swift's City Shower, in Tatler, No. 238:

'Such is that sprinkling which some careless Quean
Flirts on you from her Mop, but not so clean :
You fly, invoke the Gods, then, turning, stop
To rail; she, singing, still whirls on her Mop.'

1. 11. ten months, i.e. the drawing of the lottery.

1. 27. the penny-lottery. This was one of the many private enterprises of this kind. Chalmers quotes the title of a pamphlet which refers to an earlier penny-lottery:-The Wheel of Fortune; or, Nothing for a Penny. Being remarks on the drawing of the Penny-Lottery at the Theatre Royal in Dorset-Garden ... Written by a person who was cursed mad that he had not the thousand pounds lot. 4to. 1698.

P. 437, 1. 13. Partridge. Partridge, of course, was still alive at this date. (See Introduction, p. xxvii.) He died in 1714.

1. 24. shall arise, i. e. produce, create, give rise to.

P. 438, l. 16. a man. This paper, it is said, contains the germ of Robinson Crusoe, the first part of which was published by William Taylor, 'at the Ship in Pater-Noster-Row,' on the 25th of April, 1719. Defoe, like Steele, may have seen and conversed with Selkirk; but it is not impossible that Steele's account first attracted him to the subject. P. 440, 1. 30. Kitlings, kittens. Herrick uses the word as an adjective. 'His kitling eyes begin to runne

Quite through the table, where he spies
The hornes of paperie butterflies,

Of which he eates.'-Oberon's Feast.

1. 32. his clothes. C. Robinson Crusoe, 1719, p. 159, and pp. 176–7. P. 442, 1. 28. the prince. This was Eugene of Savoy, who visited London in 1712 to endeavour to induce the court to continue the war. In Spectator No. 269, Sir Roger de Coverley comes to town to see him. At the date of this paper (March 31, 1712), he had returned to the Continent, covered with honours. He is supposed to have been godfather to Steele's son Eugene, who was born March 4, 1712. But

Lady Steele, in her autograph note about her children (Steele's Epist. Corr. 1809, ii. 506), says nothing of this. As a matter of fact the christening did not take place until April 2.

P. 443, l. 11. surprised Cremona. In 1702, when Villeroi was taken prisoner.

1. 12. forced the trenches of Turin. On the 7th of September, 1706, Prince Eugene relieved Turin, which had been besieged for four months by the French, totally defeating the enemy, more than 6000 of whom (not including officers) were made prisoners, 'besides a great many Standards, Colours, Kettle Drums,' etc.

1. 15. of that stature. Swift, who disapproved the Prince's mission, is scarcely as complimentary as Steele :-'I saw Prince Eugene to-day at Court: I don't think him an ugly faced fellow, but well enough, and a good shape.' (Journal to Stella, January 13, 1712.) Later he changes his opinion: I saw Prince Eugene at court to-day very plain. He is plaguy yellow, and tolerably ugly besides. (Ibid., February 10, 1712.) 1. 21. his behaviour in an assembly. Burnet, who met Eugene frequently at Leicester House, confirms this when he says,—' He descends to an easy equality with those with whom he converses; and seems to assume nothing to himself, while he reasons with others.' (History of his Own Time, ed. 1823, vi. 89)

P. 444, l. 16. never equalled but by one man. Marlborough, who had been dismissed from all employments in December, 1711, upon a charge of peculation. On the 4th of January, 1712, Steele had published a pamphlet on the subject entitled, The Englishman's Thanks to the Duke of Marlborough.

1. 27. the demolition of Dunkirk. This is the paper in which, to use Johnson's phrase, Steele's 'wit at once blazed into faction.' (See Introduction, p. xxxiii, et seq.)

1. 31. France and Spain. The Treaty of Utrecht, 1713, recognised Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of his 'most Christian Majesty,' Lewis XIV, as King of Spain.

P. 445, l. 15. A most humble address, etc. The address or memorial in question is printed in full at pp. 4-14 of Steele's subsequent pamphlet The Importance of Dunkirk Consider'd: in Defence of the Guardian of August the 7th, 1713.

1. 24. Tugghe. The Sieur Tugghe was the Deputy of the Magistrates of Dunkirk, from whom the above address emanated.

1. 38. Three months should be 'two.' Steele corrected this himself in a second letter, signed' English Tory,' printed in Guardian, No. 131. P. 447, 1. 27. English Tory.' 'My Indignation at this Usage of my Queen and Country, prompted me to write a Letter to Nestor Ironside, Esq., which I subscribed English Tory. (Importance of Dunkirk considered, etc., 1713, p. 15.) Cf. also Guardian, No. 168.

1 Forster's corrected text.

INDEX TO THE NOTES.