politics are urgently needed. Moral reform lies at the root of political reform. The ballot is only a means to an end. Political and social purity, liberty and order, protection and safety for all classes, work and wages, mental and material benefits, march hand in hand. The ballot for women is not the enemy, but the ally, of morality-Christian morality. We owe it to ourselves as women to adopt different and better methods of political action than those made odious by male tricksters. The world is waiting for an example of the moral power of the sex exerted on public affairs, and we feel assured it will not wait in vain. The imprint of the Woman's Journal in 1871 is as follows: -AND THE WOMAN'S ADVOCATE. CONSOLIDATED AUGUST 13, 1870. A Weekly Newspaper, published every Saturday, in BOSTON and CHICAGO, devoted to the interests of Woman, to her educational, industrial, legal, and political Equality, and especially to her right of Suffrage. MARY A. LIVERMORE, EDITOR. JULIA WARD HOWE, LUCY STONE, HENRY B. BLACKWELL, and T. W. HIGGINSON, Associate Editors. These editors, happily, do not appear desirous of hiding their light or their faces under a bushel. They have their reception days. On the 26th of August, 1871, they published this announcement: CALL AND SEE US! The editors of the Woman's Journal are at home to callers on Mondays, from 10 A.M. till 2 P.M. At that time, some, if not all the editors, will be in the office of the Journal, 3 Tremont Place, to receive whoever may call. Come and see us! Inducements to subscribers for the Journal are, with one exception, of chromos and engravings of women-and why not? SPECIAL PREMIUMS. For ONE new subscriber, we will give Prang's beautiful chromo, “Grace Darling, or the Rescue," price $2 50. For Two new subscribers, we will give Prang's steel engraving, "Our Woman Warriors," worth $5 00. The Journal is a handsomely printed folio of eight pages. Its reading matter is mostly of woman's movements. Among its advertisements we notice those of "Mercy B. Jackson, M.D.," "Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania," "Emily Ruggles & Co., Real Estate Brokers,' ," "Sarah A. Colby, M.D.," "The St. Louis Ladies' Magazine," by Margaret L. Johnson, "Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary," of which Dr. Emily Blackwell is the Secretary, "E. G. Stevens & Daughter, Conveyancers," and "Thrift School for Girls." So in the last century did women indulge in trade and professions. The Newport (R. I.) Mercury of 1758 contained an advertisement of Mary Tate offering" all sorts of blacksmith tools" for sale, and "Sarah Osborn, Schoolmistress in New Female Reporters and Correspondents. 503 port," was ready to receive pupils, as women have always been before and since. Abigail Davidson announced in the Boston Gazette of March 12, 1770, that she had just "imported in Captain Paddock, from London," all kinds of vegetable and flower-seeds, trees, and berry bushes, which she would sell "at the very lowest Prices, by Wholesale or Retail, for Cash." This new class of publications forms a part of the general system of newspapers. The contents of the Woman's Journal and the Revolution embrace the news and the details of the extraordinary social movement that now absorbs the attention of many women. The establishment of these organs recognizes the necessity of the Press in all social upheavals and revolutions. Whatever may be the accomplishments of woman in the sublime art of talking, it is manifest that they think the pen and Press important and essential auxiliaries to the tongue. Once the tongue was mightier than the sword. But the female propagandists meet with distinguished and able opponents among their own sex. There is a paper published in Baltimore, called the True Woman, which opposes the notions, and actions, and doctrines advocated by such prints as the Revolution, and its supporters petition Congress not to be deceived by the fascinations and blandishments of the Sorosis. The True Woman is edited by Mrs. Charlotte E. M'Kay, and the principles governing her policy are to make woman more womanly, to elevate her, and make her, in every way, good and noble. Our large cities are now the centres of numerous female writers and reporters. They are attached to the Newspaper Press, and several of them to the editors. They consider themselves journalists in every sense of the word, as the following invitation, headed with the monogram N. Y. P. C., clearly indicates: NEW YORK, November 12th, 1869. A number of ladies and gentlemen of the Press will dine at Delmonico's on Saturday, November 27th, at 5 P.M. You are invited to participate. Tickets, not transferable, may be obtained on application, inclosing three dollars, to Mr. S. S. Packard, 937 Broadway. Any one procuring a ticket may purchase another for a friend. One hundred and ninety-six tickets only will be sold, and in the order in which they are paid for. Whether able to attend or not, please send in a sentiment. OLIVER JOHNSON. SHIRLEY Dace. ALICE CARY. S. S. PACKARD. CHAS. E. WILBOUR. These and many others are theatrical and musical critics, fashion reporters, book reviewers, Washington correspondents, interviewers, and writers of social sketches and on social subjects. Some report yacht races. Some are attendants at Jerome Park Course. They form quite a coterie in New York City. They are bright, influential, many of them beautiful, talented, experienced, and useful. Some of them are Bohemians in crinoline. They can frequently do what men can not accomplish. These female journalists, pure and bright, are the growth of the last fifteen years in America. They are now to be seen every where-in every large city where influential papers are printed. The Growth of great Enterprises. 505 CHAPTER XXXI. THE CHEAP PRESS IN PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE. THE PUBLIC LEDGER OF PHILADELPHIA. THE SUN OF BALTIMORE.-SWAIN, ABELL, AND SIMMONS.-THEIR WONDERFUL SUCCESS. THE WAY GEORGE W. CHILDS PURCHASED THE LEDGER.-HIS MANAGEMENT OF THE PAPER. "THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD."-THE LEDGER ALMANAC. ALL great enterprises are originally problems. It is a curious study to ascertain how they commence; how large concerns are initiated; how vast schemes and establishments grow from the acorn planted and watered by energetic men. It is not always that the wonderful success of an enterprise is apparent in the infancy of the scheme. It is so largely controlled and governed by circumstances that its final success is as often a marvel to its originators as to the public. When Commodore Vanderbilt, then a smart young Staten Islander and Whitehall boatman, rowed the celebrated William Gibbons from Staten Island to New York in a gale of wind, he had not then dreamed of owning entire railroads, of presenting steam frigates to his country, and having a bronze statue, costing half a million of dollars, and illustrating the material progress of the nation, erected in the most conspicuous part of the metropolis to his honor. When Alexander T. Stewart first opened a small store on Broadway, with a stock of lace insertings and scallop trimmings worth about $5000, he did not imagine that he was to be the Dry Goods King of America, a Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, or a giver of millions in charity to his fellow-men and women. When Alvin Adams accidentally and unavoidably met an old friend in Brattle Street, Boston, and arranged with him to start a small parcel express on the Worcester Railroad in 1838 or '39, he had not the slightest idea of the magnitude, the value, and the importance that the express business of the United States would reach in a quarter of a century from that time. When Samuel F. B. Morse, in 1844, offered to sell his whole right and title in the Magnetic Telegraph to the United States for the sum of $100,000, no one then conceived that the wires stretched over the United States alone in thirty years thereafter would represent a capital of $50,000,000, and that the whole world would be connected by submarine cables. So with William M. Swain in starting the Public Ledger of Philadelphia. When he received $12 per week as foreman of the printing depart ment of the New York Sun, he never dreamed of owning a penny newspaper of his own that would enable him to leave, in less than the span of a generation, over $3,000,000 on the pages of his ledger to his family when he departed from this world. But such instances, it appears, are common in this country. Within a quarter of a century, one could easily count the millionaires on their fingers, and now we find them too numerous to notice. Nearly all the large concerns of the last thirty or forty years were originally based on bread and butter, with occasionally the extra luxury of a cigar. Almost all of our vast enterprises have grown up, not on any original expectation of such enormous results as they now exhibit, but in the marvelous and coincident development of the country in gold, cotton, grain, manufactures, oils, coal, printing, brains, silver, railroads, photography, emigration, science, steam, electricity, wool, iron, and copper, combining to bring out the astonishing capacity of our people in emergencies and in their remarkable adaptation to circumstances, no matter how complicated, in the management of extensive business schemes and projects; and in these national strides the progress and expansion of the newspaper keeps pari passu with the most advanced industry and enterprise. When the Penny Press was established in New York in 1833 and '34, there were three printers, named W. M. Swain, A. S. Abell, and Azariah H. Simmons, who did not believe much in cheap papers, but who worked as compositors in the offices where they were published, and were satisfied with their board and clothes for the work they performed at the case. When the Sun was started in New York in 1832, Swain could not be persuaded to join in the enterprise. Solemn and solid in the utterances of his views, as he was considered to be by his associates, he nearly discouraged Mr. Day from issuing the first number of that paper. But when the concern passed into the hands of Moses Y. Beach, he became the foreman of the composition room at $12 per week. Overtasking himself, he was confined to his house with sickness for several weeks. On returning to his duty, a difficulty occurred in regard to his pay while absent, and he resigned his situation in disgust. It was then that he began to have faith in the Cheap Press, and to think of starting a penny paper of his own. He considered New York fully supplied with the article in the Sun, Transcript, and Herald. There was no chance in the metropolis for him. Having won Abell and Simmons over to his convictions, this trio of typos proceeded to Philadelphia, and afterwards to Baltimore, and established the Public Ledger in the former, and the Sun in the latter city. But we have now to speak of the Ledger. Its first number was issued on the 25th of March, 1836. Each page was nine by thirteen and a half inches in size. Its type |