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Fig. 263.-Components of North East Motor-Generator Armature Assembly.

are maintained positively in contact with the copper segments. Care should be taken not to have the spring pressure too great, as this would produce rapid depreciation of the brushes and heating

of the commutator. Brushes that have worn down till they are short must be replaced with new ones. When replacing brushes be sure that they fit the commutator surface exactly over the whole area of the end of the brush, and in all cases use brushes for replacement furnished by the maker of the generator. In some generators, shunt connections, which are called "pigtails," are used for connecting the brushes. If the new brushes furnished by the fac

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Fig. 264.-Methods of Grooving Insulation Between Commutator Segments at A and B and Right and Wrong Way of Slotting the Mica at C. Proper Method of Sanding Commutator Outlined at D.

tory have these connections attached care should be taken to make the connection exactly the same as on the old brushes.

It is imperative that the commutator be kept clean, as any oil or grease on the segments will collect carbon dust and produce short circuiting. The brush holders should be entirely insulated from the carrying case, and if any of the insulating bushings, washers or plates are found defective they must be replaced with new ones. Should the battery or generator be disconnected for any reason, do not operate engine again until they are connected. Never run

a generator unless connected to the battery. With the engine running and lamps burning, if the amperemeter hand stays at zero it indicates that the generator is producing exactly the same amount of current as the lamps are consuming. If the hand is on the discharge side of zero it means that the current-consuming units are burning more than the generator is producing. If the pointer is on

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Fig. 265.-Illustration Showing Right and Wrong Way of Sandpapering

Brushes.

the charging side of the scale it shows that the generator is producing more current than is being used by the lamps.

The starting motor is subject to the same electrical troubles as the generator is. These are grounds, short circuits, brush and commutator troubles. Defects in either the motor or generator drive are of a purely mechanical nature and can be easily located by any competent repairman. The centrifugal governor used on many

generators is not apt to give any trouble unless some of the parts fail or the action becomes clogged with oil and grease. If the springs tending to return the weights are broken or become weakened the generator will not deliver the proper amount of current because the drive will not be positive. Any accumulation of oil that will interfere with proper frictional adhesion between the clutch parts where a

governor is employed will also result in failure to drive.

Faults in Wiring.In the two wire system every wire, connector and socket must be insulated from the car and should not be in metallic contact at any point except at the terminal. It is imperative that all wires be insulated from each other and the car frame except at points where permanent connections are made. All connections should be soldered to insure positive contact and securely wrapped with

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insulating tape. The wires must be held securely by means of cleats of insulating material and must be mounted in such a way that there is no possibility of sharp metal corners or edges wearing through the insulation and causing grounds or short circuits.

All wiring should be protected from the rotting action of grease, oil and water, and when the wiring is run where these substances are apt to accumulate, the regular insulation should be supplemented by a conduit of insulating material such as circular loom or

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Fig. 267.-Non-Technical Wiring Diagram of Delco-Olds Starting, Lighting and Ignition System.

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