it is consuming .6 h. p. at 600 r. p. m. At this speed it is capable of exerting the torque of 30 lbs. feet, which means a pull of 30 pounds at a distance of one foot from crankshaft center. Those technically informed will have no trouble in following the motor characteristic curves presented. The reader who is more interested in the practical application of the system than in the technical aspects will not be interested in curves of this nature.

Chalmers-Entz System.-This is used on the Chalmers Model 26 and is shown at Fig. 188. It comprises a motor-generator, battery, switch and regulating device. The feature of the installation is that it prevents the gasoline engine from stalling, even when the car is in gear. For all normal driving the dash switch is left in the position at the extreme right, or, in other words, the starting system is constantly connected with the motor. For constant driving at speeds in excess of 30 miles an hour the dash switch should be moved to the middle position in the slot. In this position the ignition of the motor is still operative, but the generative portion of the starting system is cut out so that the battery no longer is being charged. When there is a tendency for the engine to stop the electric motor automatically picks up and turns the engine over until proper firing occurs.

When the dash switch is thrown to the "on" position, current flows from the battery to the motor-generator, which as a motor revolves at about 100 r. p. m. As soon as the engine attains a speed of approximately 600 r. p. m., 6 to 8 miles per hour, car speed, the direction of the current, due to the way the switch is connected to fields and armature is reversed and the electrical machine then becomes a generator, which in turn charges the storage battery. In the illustration, showing the wiring of the Entz system, the voltages of the lamps are shown. In the case of the head lights, the small bulbs incorporated are also shown.

The Auto-Lite System.-The 1915 Overland cars use the AutoLite system, which is shown at Fig. 189, A. This is a six volt, three unit system, operating on the one wire principle. The ignition function is performed by an entirely distinct appliance from the starting and lighting systems, namely, a high tension magneto. Five wires run from this magneto, four of these running the spark

Fig. 189.-Diagram at A Shows Arrangement of Parts of 1915 OverlandAuto-Lite System and How They are Wired Together. B-Part Sectional View of Storage Battery. C-Automatic Circuit Breaker. D-Current Generator. E-Starting Motor.

plugs, one for interrupting the ignition through a fuse box to the controlling switch. The generator is driven from the motor crankshaft by a silent chain. The starting motor, which has the switch mounted integrally, turns the engine crankshaft through a gear cut on the flywheel rim. One of the wires of the generator is grounded, the remaining wire leading from that device runs through the circuit breaker and from that member through the fuse box and switch to the storage battery. Two wires run from the six volt

battery, one of these terminating on a switch terminal of the starting motor while the other attaches to one of the motor terminals. The remaining motor terminal is grounded. The various appliances comprising this system are all clearly shown, and the wiring may be easily traced from the various units through the fuse box and switch by careful study of the diagram. In order to simplify wiring, the wires going to the switch are all colored differently. This insures that they will be replaced on the proper terminals if removed.

The storage battery used with this system is shown at Fig. 189, B. It is a special form, in which the three cells are placed end to end instead of side by side, making a long, narrow battery instead of the usual construction, which is approximately square. The construction of the circuit breaker is shown at C, the contact points, which are the only parts needing attention, being clearly outlined. The generator, which is a very simple device, is shown at B, the points requiring lubrication, and the removable plates for inspection of the brushes are clearly depicted. The starting motor is

Fig. 191.-Starting Motor Used in 1916 Auto-Lite-Overland System with Automatic Pinion Shift at A. Automatic Cutout Shown at B. Method of Driving Generator with Silent Chain Outlined at C.