Acoustics of American English Speech: A Dynamic Approach

affricate alveolar stop American English amplitude aspiration back vowels cavity closure region clusters coarticulation consonants constriction context dark dental dialects diphthong discontinuity distinct duration e 3 kHz energy example F1 and F2 F2 and F3 F2 moves F2 value Figure following vowel formant configuration formant motion formant structure formant values frication fricative region front vowels glide glottal stop high frequency indicates interaction intervocalic juncture kHz 1 kHz kHz f kHz q CECOURACY labiodental light low F2 nasal formant noise occurs oral palato-alveolar phonemes place of articulation position preceding produced reduced vowel resonance retroflex right spectrogram segment sequence similar sounds speaker spectral spectrogram shows spectrum stop closure stop consonants stressed syllable Transitions of vowels unaspirated unstressed value of F2 variation velar nasal velar pinch velic vibration visible vocal cords vocal tract voiced fricatives voiced stops voiceless fricatives voiceless stops vowel region waveform plot word boundary word-final y 1 kHz