Henry Hickman, B. D. deprived of his fellowship in the college, settled after a time, near Stourbridge, where, says Dr. Calamy," he took pupils, and read lectures in logic and philosophy.

Philip Henry, who superintended the education of his own children, and of the sons of some neighbouring gentlemen, used to have a young person designed for the ministry to assist him, and was helpful to several of them, in succession, by communicating to them the rudiments of academical learning. To praise Philip Henry is superfluous.

Instruction for the ministry, among the dissenters, which was communicated so extensively in England at this time, reached likewise to Wales.

Samuel Jones, M. A. fellow of Jesus college, Oxford, and for several years a tutor there, was ejected by the act of uniformity from the living of Llangynwydd, in Glamorganshire. He continued a laborious preacher of the Gospel though he suffered bitterly for his nonconformity, and was " in prisons oft." He set up an academy in his house, and recommended himself so well to the nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, as to be entrusted with the education of their sons. He had likewise a number of divinity students, whom he prepared for the dissenting ministry.

His qualifications, in the judgment of his contemporaries, were by no means defective. He was master of the Greek and Latin tongues, a good orientalist, an adept in philosophy, a skilful casuist, well read in modern controversies, and an acceptable and very useful preacher. To his intellectual acquirements, he united a superior measure of Christian graces. A most hum

ble, affectionate and peaceful disposition was conspicuous in him: and all was crowned with consummate prudence. Distressing pains from the stone, the rack of ministers in that age, often affiicted him, and called forth the exercise of faith and patience. The year before his death, a report being circulated that he had conformed, he was anxious to contradict it, and to assert his perseverance in dissent, and his full persuasion of the goodness of the principles on which he acted in his non-conformity'. He died in the year one thousand six hundred and ninety-seven, in the seventieth year of his age.

Besides Mr. Jones, there were several ministers in Wales of peculiar note. Mr. Stephen Hughes of Carmarthen, Mr. Samuel Jones of Brynllywarch, Hugh Owen of Montgomeryshire, Marmaduke Matthews of Swansea, Peregrine Philips of Heverfordwest, and a few others, who, though not regular tutors, occasion

y In a letter to a friend he expresses himself thus: "I declare to you and all the world, as in the words of a dying man, that I had not (at the time referred to), and have not since the least check in my conscience for my non-submission to these impositions which were then made the indispensable terms of communion with the church of England. I confess that I had then and have still, a very honourable respect for the able and conscientious ministers of it. But to declare my unfeigned assent and consent, and to deny my former ordination, to swallow several oaths, and to crouch under the burden of several impositions, were such blocks which the law had laid at the church door, that upon mature consideration I could not, durst not then, and dare not now leap over, though to save my credit and livelihood, though to gain dignity and preferment without odious hypocrisy, and the overthrowing of my inward peace, which is and ought to be dearer to me than my very life. To this choice I was then led, not by the examples of other leading men, nor with any design that others should be led by mine. This is the living testimony of, sir, your dying friend, S. J." Calamy, vol. ii. p. 721, 722.

ally assisted in preparing young men of talents and piety for the service of the sanctuary. For want of earlier attention to the subject, the names of other worthy men, which deserved to be enrolled in the list of tutors, are irrecoverably lost; but they are inscribed in a more durable record.

SECTION III.

METHOD OF EDUCATION IN THE DISSENTING

SEMINARIES.

To some readers, the enumeration of so many places of education will, from the similarity which necessarily occurs, appear tedious. But justice would not be rendered to the tutors, nor the history of the dissenters be complete, unless every institution was particularly noticed. Besides, the account will be interesting to those who wish to be fully masters of the subject, and to be intimately acquainted with the transactions of their, religious, if not also their natural progenitors.

The number of the seminaries will excite surprize; and how to account for it, many will feel a difficulty. But if the situation of the non-conformist ministers be considered, and the principles, by which they were governed, be taken into view, a sufficient reason will be found for the existence of them all.

Necessity is one of the grand springs of human conduct, and produces the most astonishing effects. It gives application to the schoolboy, it fires the mind of youth with a desire of excellence, it augments the energy of the soul in maturer years, and it maintains and lengthens out the exercise of the mental powers to a remote old age. To this principle the world is indebted for some of the ablest statesmen, the most renowned philosophers, the most celebrated historians, and the greatest divines.

Into the arms of necessity did the act of uniformity

throw a considerable number of the dissenting ministers; and she compelled them to labour in those departments for which they were qualified by education, talents, or habits of life. Tithes no longer filled their barns, nor money collected by the power of law their purse. But their wives and children as well as they themselves, still were hungry and thirsty, and their clothes wore out, and they needed a house to dwell in; and these must be procured. A natural inquiry arose, "what can I do to procure them, though not in the former abundance, yet in such a measure as to suffice." Out of this reasoning dissenting academies arose.

To necessity, another principle, was added, equally powerful, but more sublime, namely, a desire to promote the honour of God, and the happiness of mankind. When necessity pleaded that something must be done for their support, the nobler principle dictated that it should be the employment in which they could be most useful, and do most good. Along with the ministry of the Gospel which they considered as the first object, the office of a tutor naturally presented itself to their view. As many of them had formerly acted in this capacity at the university, their qualifi-' cations for it, and the facilities, which they had acquired for the discharge of its duties, would recommend it to their adoption.

In this way may the number of tutors be accounted for; but that they should find students, some may think more difficult to be explained. When the greater part of the seminaries of this period commenced, the times were remarkably unfavourable to dissenters, and promised little besides poverty, persecution, and contempt. That in such circumstances, young men should come forth into the ministry, may