THE THIRTY-FOUR CONTRIBUTORS WHO HAVE WRITTEN THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PAGES IN THE DICTIONARY.-Continued. Mr. Leslie Stephen and Mr. C. W. Sutton in all but three. Mr. T. F. Henderson and Mr. Joseph Knight figure in every volume excepting four, Mr. J. A. Hamilton in every volume excepting five. Mr. C. H. Firth and Mr. Warwick Wroth contribute to fifty-seven of the sixtythree volumes, the late Mr. G. C. Boase to fifty-six volumes, Mr. G. F. Russell Barker and Mr. Lionel Cust to fifty-five volumes, Professor T. F. Tout to fifty-four volumes, and Mr. Thomas Bayne to fifty volumes. The following regular contributors have died during the progress of the work: G. T. Bettany (d. 1892); George Clement Boase (d. 1897); H. Manners Chichester (d. 1894); C. H. Coote (d. 1898); Dr. John Westby Gibson (d. 1892); Sir John T. Gilbert (d. 1898); John Miller Gray, curator of Scottish National Gallery (d. 1894); Dr. W. A. Greenhill (d. 1894) ; Dr. A. B. Grosart (d. 1899); Robert Harrison, late librarian of the London Library (d. 1897); the Rev. Dr. Luard (d. 1891); Walter II. Tregellas (d. 1894); and the Rev. Canon Venables (d. 1895). Memoirs of the last three contributors have been included in volumes of the Dictionary that have been published subsequently to the dates of their deaths. Special commemoration is due to the late G. C. Boase and the late H. Manners Chichester, whose contributions in their several lines of study were very numerous. Their zeal for the undertaking was great, and it is cause for deep regret that they did not live to witness its completion.1 The occasional contributors, who are larger numerically than the regular contributors, although their contributions cover a smaller area, include distinguished experts in every branch of knowledge, and they have usefully supplemented the labours of the regular contributors by undertaking memoirs to the preparation of which they brought peculiarly apposite experience. The following is a list of some of the more interesting and valuable articles due to occasional contributors: 2 [†]The Rev. Canon Ainger [d. 1904] on Charles Lamb and Tennyson. Mr. Robert Boyle on Philip Massinger. [t]Sir Frederick Bramwell, Bart. [d. 1903], on James Watt the engineer. Professor A. H. Church, F.R.S., on Josiah Wedgwood. The Rev. Andrew Clark on Anthony à Wood. Mr. Sidney Colvin on Flaxman, Keats, and Robert Louis Stevenson. *Sir William Flower, F.R.S. (d. 1899), on Sir Richard Owen. [t]Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B. [d. 1907], on Francis Maitland Balfour. *Professor E. A. Freeman (d. 1892) on Alfred the Great. The Very Rev. the Hon. W. H. Fremantle, Dean of Ripon, on The Right Hon. Sir Edward Fry on John Selden. Mr. R. T. Glazebrook, F.R.S., on Sir Isaac Newton. Mr. Edmund Gosse, LL.D., on Walter (Horatio) Pater. Professor J. W. Hales on Chaucer. Professor C. H. Herford on Ben Jonson and Middleton. Mr. Henry Higgs on Arthur Young. The Rev. Professor Hort (d. 1892) on Bishop Lightfoot. 'Memoirs of Messrs. Boase and Chichester, as well as of Sir John T. Gilbert, John Miller Gray, Dr. W. A. Greenhill, and Dr. A. B. Grosart (among deceased regular contributors), were issued in the Supplement to the Dictionary, which was published in the autumn of 1901. 2 Six of these writers, whose names are here marked with an asterisk, died before 1900. [Eight others, whose names are marked [†], died between January 1901 and 1907.] Of these contributors a memoir of Professor Tyndall is given in Vol. LVII. of the Dictionary. Notices of the other five deceased contributors whose names are asterisked above appear in the Supplement to the Dictionary. The following occasional contributors who died while the work was in progress are noticed in volumes issued subsequently to the dates of their deaths-Octavian Blewitt (d. 1884), Dutton Cook (d. 1883), Mrs. Anne Gilchrist (d. 1885), Robert Hunt, F.R.S. (d. 1887), Westland Marston (d. 1890), F. R. Oliphant (d. 1894), Wyatt Papworth (d. 1894), George Croom Robertson (d. 1892), Dr. Hack Tuke (d. 1896), Henri van Laun (d. 1896), Cornelius Walford (d. 1885), Edward Walford (d. 1897), and John Ward, C.B. (d. 1890). The Supplement includes the following names of occasional contributors, in addition to those already indicated, who died during the progress of the work:-Grant Allen (d. 1899), Sheldon Amos (d. 1886), John Eglinton Bailey (d. 1888), Professor W. G. Blaikie (d. 1899), Mandell Creighton, Bishop of London (d. 14 Jan. 1901), Wilkie Collins (d. 1889), the Rev. Canon Dixon (d. 1900), J. P. Earwaker (d. 1895), Arthur Locker (d. 1893), Professor John Nichol (d. 1894), John Ormsby (d. 1895), the Rev. Canon Perry (d. 1897), and the Rev. Nicholas Pocock (d. 1897). [t]Professor G. B. Howes [d. 1905] on William Kitchin Parker. *Mr. R. H. Hutton (d. 1897) on Walter Bagehot. *Mr. Alexander Ireland (d. 1894) on Leigh Hunt. [†]Professor Sir Richard Jebb [d. 1905] on Bentley and Porson. Sir Theodore Martin, K.C.B., on Prince Albert, John Singleton Copley (Lord Lyndhurst), and Croker. Sir Alfred [now Viscount] Milner on Arnold Toynbee. The Right Hon. John Morley on Richard Cobden. Sir George Herbert Murray, K.C.B., on Thomas Tooke. The Hon. George Peel on Sir Robert Peel. [†]Mr. F. C. Penrose, F.R.S. [d. 1903], on Christopher Wren. Mr. G. W. Prothero on Sir John Robert Seeley. Mr. R. E. Prothero on Dean Stanley. The Rev. Hastings Rashdall on Wycliffe. Mrs. Richmond Ritchie on Elizabeth Barrett Browning. [t]The Very Rev. W. R. W. Stephens, Dean of Winchester [d. 1903], on St. Anselm. Professor Silvanus Thompson, F.R.S., on Sir Charles Wheatstone. *Professor Tyndall (d. 1893) on Michael Faraday. Sir Henry Trueman Wood on Sir William Siemens. Much voluntary assistance has been rendered to the Dictionary in the course of its publication. Information on points of family history has been placed at the disposal of editors and contributors too frequently and too abundantly to render specific acknowledgment practicable. Special thanks are due to the editor of the Athenæum,' who generously printed successive lists of names of persons, memoirs of whom were to appear in the Dictionary. Many readers of the Athenæum' forwarded suggestions, by which the Dictionary has greatly benefited. Nor ought omission to be made of critics of the Dictionary, who carefully examined each volume on publication and noted defects or ambiguities. One of these critics, the Rev. John Russell Washbourn, Rector of Rudford, Gloucester, forwarded his remarks with great regularity, volume by volume, through the first thirty-five volumes, until his death in 1893. Another critic, the Rev. W. C. Boulter, contributed a series of quarterly papers of corrections to 'Notes and Queries' through the whole progress of the undertaking. Much help has been received from the custodians of archives of the public offices at home and abroad, from the officials of the British Museum, of the Bodleian and Cambridge University Libraries, and of the Inns of Court, as well as from librarians in all parts of the United Kingdom and from the secretaries of learned societies in the colonies and in America. Many clergymen have, at the request of editors or contributors, consulted their parish registers without charging fees. At both Oxford and Cambridge, not only have the keepers of the University Registers been always ready in answering inquiries, but the heads of many colleges have shown great zeal in making researches in their college archives on behalf of the Dictionary. Particular recognition is due in this regard to the Rev. Dr. Magrath, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and to Dr. John Peile, master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Information respecting members of the great society of Trinity College, Cambridge, has been freely placed at the Dictionary's disposal by Dr. Aldis Wright, the vice-president, while no inquiry addressed to Mr. R. F. Scott, bursar of St. John's College, Cambridge, or to Dr. John Venn, fellow and lecturer of Caius College, Cambridge, has failed to procure a useful reply. The successive registrars of Dublin University have also shown the readiest disposition to render the information supplied by the Dictionary concerning the graduates of Trinity College as precise as possible. Criticism or appreciation of the completed enterprise would be out of place here. That there are errors in the Dictionary those who have been most closely associated with its production are probably more conscious than other people. On that subject it need only be said that every effort has been made, whenever opportunity served, to correct such errors as had been pointed out to the editor, all of which were carefully tabulated. But whatever the shortcomings of the work, the Dictionary can fairly claim to have brought together a greater mass of accurate information respecting the past achievements of the British and Irish race than has been put at the disposal of the English-speaking peoples in any previous literary undertaking. Such a work of reference may be justly held to serve the national and the beneficial purpose of helping the present and future generations to realise more thoroughly than were otherwise possible the character of their ancestors' collective achievement, of which they now enjoy the fruits. Similar works have been produced in foreign countries under the auspices of State-aided literary academies, or have been subsidised by the national exchequers. It is in truer accord with the selfreliant temperament of the British race that this Dictionary of National Biography' is the outcome of private enterprise and the handiwork of private citizens. POSTSCRIPT TO STATISTICAL ACCOUNT.' ON 6 April 1901-some nine months after this Statistical Account was published-died George Smith, the initiator, proprietor, and publisher of the Dictionary. A memoir of him appeared in October 1901 by way of preface to the Supplement of the Dictionary, which now forms the twenty-second and last volume of this Reissue. In the spring of 1902 there was affixed to the wall of the crypt in St. Paul's Cathedral a slab of marble bearing this inscription : To the memory of George M. Smith (March 19 1824-April 6 1901) to whom English Literature owes the Dictionary of National Biography and whose warmth of heart endeared him to men of letters of his time, this tablet is erected by friends who loved him.' Death, too, has thinned the ranks of contributors to the Dictionary in the eight years which have elapsed since the Statistical Account was drafted. The memories of all, who in that interval have passed away, claim some tribute of respect and gratitude from surviving comrades. The names of the dead contributors are typographically distinguished from those of the living in the lists of writers which are prefixed to the successive volumes of this Reissue. But there is one name on the mournful roll-the name of Leslie Stephen, first Editor of the Dictionary--which demands a more particular commemoration in this place. Leslie Stephen's services to the Dictionary were rendered in two capacities. As the first editor he, in consultation with George Smith, laid the foundations of the edifice, and although ill-health compelled his retirement from the editorial control comparatively early in the history of the venture, the editorial method, which he devised, was pursued to the close by his successor, whom he trained. In the capacity of contributor to the Dictionary, Leslie Stephen's services were of longer duration, and were no less effective than those which he rendered editorially. While he held the editorial office, he reserved for his own pen memoirs of many of the greatest figures in the history of British thought and literature. When he ceased to be editor, he remained a contributor, and to nearly every volume which came out under his successor's guidance he contributed articles of high interest and importance. His literary services to the Dictionary never slackened. In the concluding volume of |