An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Том 4J. Decker, 1801 - 474 стор. |
Загальні терміни та фрази
adminiſtration affeffed againſt almoſt altogether annuities beſt Britain Britiſh cafes capital caſes cauſe cent church circumftances clergy colonies commodities confequence confiderable confumer confumption cuſtoms debt diminiſh duties England eſtabliſhed Europe excife exclufive exerciſe expenſe exportation faid fame fect feems feldom fhillings fhould firft firſt fituation fociety fome fometimes foon fource fovereign France ftate ftill ftock company fubject fuch fufficient fund fuperior fuppofed fupport fyftem gold and filver greater himſelf houſes ibid impofed impoſed increaſe induſtry inftitutions inftruction inſtead intereft itſelf joint ftock labor land land-tax landlord leaſt lefs leſs levied malt manufactures meaſure ment moft moſt muft muſt neceffarily neceffary neceffity neceſſary occafion paid payment perfons poffible pounds preſent produce profit proportion provinces public revenue purchaſe purpoſe raiſed reaſonable rent reſpect Scotland ſeems ſmall ſome ſtate ſtock ſuch ſyſtem themſelves theſe thofe thoſe thouſand tion trade univerfities uſe
Популярні уривки
Сторінка 165 - Where it is otherwise, every person subject to the tax is put more or less in the power of the tax-gatherer, who can either aggravate the tax upon any obnoxious contributor, or extort, by the terror of such aggravation, some present or perquisite to himself.
Сторінка 165 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Сторінка 92 - In such societies the varied occupations of every man oblige every man to exert his capacity, and to invent expedients for removing difficulties which are continually occurring. Invention is kept alive, and the mind is not suffered to fall into that drowsy stupidity which, in a civilized society, seems to benumb the understanding of almost all the inferior ranks of people.
Сторінка 91 - The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects too are, perhaps, always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.
Сторінка 166 - Taxes upon such consumable goods as are articles of luxury are -all finally paid by the consumer, and generally in a manner that is very convenient for him. He pays them by little and little, as he has occasion to buy the goods.
Сторінка 337 - The foresight of the heavy and unavoidable burdens of war would hinder the people from wantonly calling for it when there was no real or solid interest to fight for.
Сторінка 53 - A temporary monopoly of this kind may be vindicated upon the same principles upon which a like monopoly of a new machine is granted to its inventor, and that of a new book to its author.
Сторінка 166 - The certainty of what each individual ought to pay is, in taxation, a matter of so great importance, that a very considerable degree of inequality, it appears, I believe, from the experience of all nations, is not near so great an evil as a .very small degree of uncertainty.
Сторінка 240 - By necessaries I understand not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for the support of life, but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without.
Сторінка 33 - The directors of such companies, however, being the managers rather of other people's money than of their own, it cannot well be expected, that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private copartnery frequently watch over their own.