was endeavouring to please you (chercher à plaire). Come near (s'approcher). Do you believe it (croire)? You were drinking (boire) water. Are you going (aller) to London? He contradicts a false report (démentir un faux rapport). Does he employ his time well (employer bien le temps)? Is he not becoming rich (devenir riche)? I am dull (s'ennuyer). Are they dancing a quadrille or a country-dance (danser une contredanse* une anglaise)? Was not your (103.) mother uneasy (s'inquiéter)? Are you hungry (avoir faim)? You should learn music (devoir, apprendre). I am going to translate (aller, traduire). Will they elect him (élire)? They are going away (s'en aller). Will they be admitted (admettre)? Wait (attendre). He was deceiving you (tromper). Where shall I drive you (vouloir que, conduire)? Will he follow you (suivre)? Do you remember it (se souvenir de)? Let us gather (cueillir) some of these flowers.

Will not your servant deliver (remettre) this letter to him? You should abstain from meat (devoir s'abstenir). Will the teacher explain that rule (précepteur, expliquer, règle)? The members of the committee assembled (s'assembler). Have you made use of that (se servir de)? We were dressing ourselves (s'habiller). This book is worth (valoir) ten francs. Do not laugh at him (se moquer de). He dresses in the French style (se mettre à la française). Has the surgeon dressed their wounds (chirurgien, panser, blessure)? Were they consenting (consentir)? I shall soon go to sleep (s'endormir). Why does he beat that child (battre)? See what they have written (voir, écrire). Will (246.) you advance (vouloir avancer) fifty francs? Dye this cloth (teindre, drap). Ought they to resist (devoir, résister)? Were they not all running to his assistance (accourir, secours)? Can your brother drive (savoir, conduire)? Will you not embark at Dover (s'embarquer)? He smiled (sourire). Tell him to frank this letter (dire de, payer le port de or affranchir). You dare not (oser). Have they caught him (attraper)?

Should we not send it back (renvoyer)? These colours are well matched (être assorti). He goes to bed at eleven o'clock (se coucher à onze heures). Is your brother angry (fâché)? Let us not debate (discuter). Have those pupils thanked you (remercier)? When these exercises are+ corrected we shall learn them by heart (thème, corriger, apprendre par cœur). I have just had (see Idiomatic tenses, page 85 et seq.) the * Or un quadrille (pronounce ka-dri-ye). † seront.

letter. We have just seen your brother. I had just spoken to your friend. We are going to have a holiday. We are to have one tomorrow. We were going to have one today. Were you not to have had an answer this morning? You ought to ask. You ought to have asked. He has just been rewarded (247.). They had just been punished. They are to be sent away (renvoyer). They were to be sent away this morning. We have just written to the chairman (président). He ought to have come this afternoon. We had just risen (se lever) when the news came. You ought to have taken (porter) that letter to the post-office last night.

PARTICIPLES.

248. The Participle is a word which partakes, or participates, of the properties of a verb and an adjective. It has the signification and government of a verb, as des enfants aimant Dieu, children loving God; des enfants aimés de Dieu, children loved by God; ce général ayant vaincu Pennemi, that general having conquered the enemy; and, like an adjective, it expresses also the quality or state of persons or things; as, un voyageur fatigué, a weary traveller; une maison bien bátie, a house well built.

There are two sorts of participles: the participle present, ending in ant, as chantant, unissant; and the participle past, which has various terminations, as chanté, uni, aperçu, mis, écrit, etc. (See the Syntax.)

UNDECLINED PARTS OF SPEECH*.
ADVERBS.

249. The Adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; it is placed near and generally after the verb, to express where, when, and how the action is done; as,

* For the etymology of the French invariable or undeclined parts of speech, and of the words of most frequent occurrence, such as articles, pronouns, etc., see the Introduction.

The following take an é before the final ment: aveuglément, commodément, conformément, énormément, uniformément.

Ment is added to the masculine of the adjective, if the adjective ends with a vowel; or to its feminine, if not;

as,

Utile, useful;
Doux, gentle;

Attentif, attentive.

Utilement, usefully.
Doucement, gently.
Attentivement, attentively.

Except gentil, which makes gentiment; and commune, confuse, diffuse. expresse, importune, obscure, précise, profonde, which change the e mute into é; as communément, confusément, etc. The adjectives beau, nouveau, fou, and mou form their adverbs from their feminine, belle, nouvelle, folle, molle, thus, bellement, nouvellement, etc. Impuni is also an exception, and makes impunément.

Adjectives in ent or ant change nt into m to form adverbs in ment; as,

Patient, patient;

Savant, learned;

Patiemment, patiently.
Savamment, learnedly.

Lent, slow, makes lentement; présent makes présentement.

NOTE. French adverbs in ment are generally derived from a Latin adjective with the noun mens, mind, (meaning intention,) in the ablative; as HONESTA MENTE, honnêtement, honestly.

[For the placing of adverbs, see 241.]

List of Adverbs and Adverbial expressions most in use.

A dessein, on purpose.
A droite, on the right.
A fond, thoroughly.
Ailleurs, elsewhere.
A jamais, for ever.
Ainsi, thus.
À la fois, at once.
À l'amiable, amicably.

Alentour, around, in the circumference.

À l'envi, vying with one an

other.

À l'improviste, unexpectedly.
Alors, then.

À part, aside.
À peine, scarcely.

Après-demain, the day after Derrière, behind.

Avant-hier, the day before yes- Encore, still, yet.

Çà et là, up and down, to and Fort, very.

Combien, how much, how Jadis, formerly.

Deçà et delà, up and down, Loin, far.

De même, in the same manner. Moins, less.

250. Frequently adjectives are used adverbially, as in the

He speaks truly.

She sings out of tune.

Thou speakest low or in a whisper.

The bird flies high.

That flower smells sweet.

251. The above and all other adverbs are generally classed according to their signification with reference to manner, time, place, order, quantity, comparison, affirmation or negation.

Thus the adverbs of manner are, sagement, wisely; poliment, politely;