ten or twelve pounds a year for each, retaining his parental superintendance, and not sacrificing the mutual pleasures of their society, is the complete and appropriate remedy for so great a defect. When the working classes are become scientific, their superiors, as Mr Brougham has remarked, to continue their betters, must learn a little more than they now do. Accordingly we expect most confidently the greatest increase in the education of the higher and middle classes, and the greatest improvement in their virtue, from the new Institution. We are sure, too, that one such Institution will not suffice to supply the extended demands of the country. There must soon be others, as at Durham, York, or Richmond, Exeter, and perhaps elsewhere, as soon as the magical spell is once broken, which for so many centuries has bound all men to the notion, that education can only be carried on near the Isis and Granta. The new Colleges will begin their work with immense advantages. They will have no trammels of old rules, forms, and prejudices, to hamper their proceedings; every useful art and science will be freely taught; and the young offspring of those venerable stocks will have all the virtues of the parents, without any of their antiquated frailties and more recent abuses. The good, too, thus effected, will be unmixed with evil, even to the old institutions. To certain classes, the authority of Oxford and Cambridge, their power of conferring degrees, and the fellowships, and livings, and other advantages attached to them, will always prove of superior attraction; and the more general diffusion of a taste for scientific education will greatly augment the numbers of those who, being able to afford it, will prefer an University for their sons "

The article on the "Recent History of the Catholic Question," contains a specimen of what a distinguished writer in this journal once called "writing within a foot of the gallows." The reviewer intimates distinctly enough that the Duke of York must change his mind on this subject, unless he is prepared to take the same tour with the last Duke of York, who sat upon the English throne. The seventh article, on "Mr Brougham's Inaugural Discourse," on the occasion of his installation, as Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow, brings forward some arguments in favour of the necessity and advantage of classical learning. Our opinions on this subject have been occasionally before our readers, and may be again, and are not likely to be altered by the reasoning either of Mr Brougham, or the reviewer.

INTELLIGENCE.

DR CHANNING'S DISCOURSE.

We are happy to perceive, that the discourse of the Rev. Dr Channing of this city, on the Evidences of Revealed Religion, delivered before the University in Cambridge at the Dudlean Lecture in 1821, was republished, not long since, in London; and is receiving in England the commendation which it so eminently deserves, and has already received in our own country.

QUARTERLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS,

One hundred and thirty-six original works have issued from the American press during the last quarter, including rather more than the usuai share of pamphlets, as this period embraces the fourth of July. Fifty volumes have been reprinted and published during the same time. The whole number of new publications for the quarter, therefore, is one hundred and eighty six. We have spared no pains to make our list as complete as it was practicable to make it; but the difficulty of collecting intelligence of this kind renders it probable that some volumes have escaped our notice. If booksellers throughout the country will forward to us regularly and seasonably full lists of the exact titles of the works which they publish from time to time, together with the size and price of each, they will be inserted among our new publications, with the publishers' names annexed. We have frequently to lament the utter impossibility of making the title of new books accurate, from the very loose and inaccurate manner in which they are commonly advertised. We invite the attention of publishers to this subject, and beg leave to suggest to them, that they would gratify the public, as well as promote their own interest, by always advertising exact titles, at least while they leave us and others to get intelligence of the new books, in which they are interested, from that source alone.

it.

MAJOR LONG'S EXPEDITION.

An edition of the narrative of Major Long's Expedition to the Source of St Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, &c. &c. compiled by William H. Keating, one of the party who performed the expedition in 1823, bas lately issued from the London press, and has been very civilly treated by the critics. A highly respectable Magazine has these remarks upon "The scientific details are in many parts highly valuable, and the account of the Indian tribes will be found very amusing. We are happy to remark in this as well as in other instances, that works of merit from the American press are immediately republished in this country, and that the Americans are repaying a portion of that literary debt, which has been so long due from them." And right glad shall we be when that debt" is fairly liquidated; for no situation can be more uncomfortable than to be under obligations to those who are constantly magnifying them-dinning the fact in.o the ears of the world-and putting on airs upon the strength of it.

PROJECT FOR A LITERARY ASYLUM.

M. Legendre, member of the Academy of Sciences, has published an "Essay on a proposed literary compact between learned men throughout the world." It is mentioned in this work, that two celebrated Americans, Joel Barlow and Robert Fulton, formerly digested and proposed a plan of a "Literary Asylum." The object was to give mutual aid and succour at some appointed place, to the learned of all countries, who might become the victims of tyranny and injustice. The design of the present work is to direct the attention of the republic of letters to this subject. Had the efforts of our deceased countrymen succeeded, the illustrious and learned exiles of Spain, who are now suffering in

London, would have been enjoying the benefits of such an institution. No men would have a better claim to them, whether we consider their merit or their misfortunes.

BOTTA'S HISTORY OF ITALY.

M. Charles Botta has published at Paris in Italian and French a history of Italy from the year 1789 to 1814, in five volumes. In this work, as in his history of our Revolution, he has adopted the method of the ancient Greek and Roman historians. His narrations abound in details, his descriptions are highly animated and embellished with those ornaments which interest the feelings, excite the imagination, and please the taste. He often introduces those oratorical addresses or dramatic scenes, with which the ancients enlivened and dignified their historical compositions; and he has adapted them even better than they to circumstances and characters. His descriptions of armies and of military movements are particularly excellent. The retaking of Toulon, the battles of Italy, and the capture of Arcola are painted to the mind's eye with the precision and vividness of the reality. M. Botta was often a witness, and in some instances an actor, in the scenes which he describes.

LITERATURE OF MODERN GREECE.

The Greek press is beginning to be almost as active as the Greek armies. Newspapers are now issued in various towns; and works of taste as well as school-books, for which there appears to be a great and increasing demand, are now published and find readers there. One of these has lately been translated at Paris by M. Lemcocier of the Institute. It is entitled "War Songs of the Grecian Mariners and Mountaineers." From the specimens we have seen, says a writer in the Revue Encyclopédique, we think that these poems are highly honourable to the national taste of the Greeks; and that they are not unworthy of the countrymen of Homer and Pindar. The actions of Botsaris and Androtzas, and other illustrious martyrs of Grecian liberty are commemorated.

PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.

Our neighbours of Nova Scotia are becoming every day more interesting, although they engage apparently less of our attention than the remotest provinces of Europe or South America. Their agriculture, to which the soil is extremely well adapted, is beginning to flourish; and their commerce, already considerable, seems capable of vast increase from the magnitude of their rivers, the extent of seacoast, and the multitude of excellent harbours. Their government is the same as that of New England was, before the Revolution. They have a royal governor, a council, a house of representatives, and a militia. The royal college at Windsor, the president of which has lately been travelling in our republic, may well claim the title of a university. Its courses of study embrace theology, metaphysics, moral philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, the natural sciences, logic, languages (including the oriental), rhetoric, &c. There are many other seminaries in the

province, which resemble our academies.

In general, great attention is paid to education, and a happy futurity seems to await the inhabitants of this flourishing province.

MANUSCRIPT OF THE ILIAD.

Captain Clifford of the Navy has carried to England the celebrated MS. upon papyrus, of a portion of Homer's Iliad for the University of Cambridge. This MS. was discovered in the island of Elephantina in Upper Egypt, by a French gentleman. It is written in what are termed uncial letters, of the most beautiful form, and may probably be ascribed to the age of the Ptolemies. The most remarkable feature connected with this ancient and invaluable manuscript is, that there are accents, which must have been added by a later hand. It contains only the last book.

CRYSTALLINE LENSES OF ANIMALS, EMPLOYED AS MICROSCOPES.

Dr Brewster, so well known to the scientific world, has suggested the employment of the crystalline lenses of animals as single microscopes. In cases where high magnifying powers are required, no artifical lenses which we can obtain, being, as he says, either in their external form or in their internal structure, so perfect as those which we receive from the hand of nature. The crystalline lenses of fishes, from their superior density, which renders them less liable to injury than others, are, Dr B. says, the best adapted to this use; and the only precaution necessary in employing them is to place the lens so, that its optical axis, and the axis of vision in the eye of the observer, shall correspond; which may easily be done by adjusting the lens to a concave aperture in a small plate of metal, &c. A lens thus disposed will, it is said, preserve its transparency for some hours.

In cases where high magnifying powers are not required, the crystalline lenses of quadrupeds will, however, we may add, be found more convenient than those of fishes, as embracing a larger field of view, and as they are in general easily attainable, and often in situations where no artifical lens can be procured. A knowledge of this fact may frequently be of use to the naturalist.

FREEDOM OF ELECTIONS IN FRANCE.

At a meeting of the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut of France, at Paris, it was opened by the election of a new member in the place of M. le Baron Percy. The choice fell on M. Dupuytren, the celebrated surgeon. It was generally understood that M. Serres would have been elected, had the members been permitted entire freedom of choice. The president, however, hastened to inform the meeting that it was His Majesty's wish that M. Dupuytren, his surgeon, should be elected. Immediately a letter was read from four other candidates, saying, that having only their scientific recommendations, they withdrew from the contest. Much scandal arose out of this nomination, the regulations requiring three candidates, and there being only two remaining. M. C. Dupin moved an adjournment, adding that when the king was informed that men, so honourable as the candidates, had withdrawn, he would not

fail of leaving to the academy that freedom which ought to preside at its elections. M. Dupin was lately made a Baron by the king; and those of his friends that thought his acceptance of the title had in some measure obscured his fame, now congratulate each other, and say that in the sitting of yesterday, "il s'est bien debaronisé." What is likely to be the freedom of political elections, when such an interference is tolerated in those of a purely scientific association?

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

A Manual of Electricity; containing Observations on the Electrical Phenomena, and Directions for the Construction of Metallic Conductors; &c. By William King, Medical Electrician and Lecturer on Electricity and Galvanism. Newbern, N. C.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. v. Nos. 3 and 4.

LAW.

The Doctrine of Constructive Larceny considered, as developed in the recent Case of George Tyson, the Stock and Exchange Broker, who was tried at the Mayor's Court, for the City of Philadelphia, at the March Session, in 1825. By Charles B. Mumford, Esq. of the Philadelphia Bar. 8vo. pp. 36. Philadelphia.

MEDICINE.

On the Surgical Anatomy of the Groin, as connected with the Hernia of the Abdomen. By Alexander F. Vaché, of New York.

Typhus Syncopalis, Sinking Typhus, or the Spotted Fever of New England, as it appeared in the Epidemic of 1823, in Middletown, Ct. By Thomas Miner, M. D. Middletown, Ct.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The North American Review. No 49, for October, 1825.

The Manufacturer's Book of Wages and Work People's Companion. By J. Morgan. In two Parts. 8vo.

An Address delivered before the Palmetto Society of South Carolina, in Commemoration of the Defence of the Palmetto Fort, on Sullivan's Island, (June 28, 1776). By By William Crafts. 8vo. pp. 21. Charleston, S. C. A. E. Miller.

The New York Review and Atheneum Magazine. No. IV. for September, 1825.

The Inquisition Examined. No. IV. New York.

Report of the Committee on Laws, to the Corporation of the City of New York, on the Subject of Interment within the populous Parts of the City, read and adopted at a special Meeting of the said Corporation, on the 9th of June, 1825. 8vo. pp. 75. New York. M. Day. The African Repository and Colonial Journal. Vol. I. No. 6.