fical territory, having at their head the members of the Roman Committee, whom Antonelli, it will be remembered, had had arrested and sent out of Rome. Messieurs Sant Angeli and Silvestrelli marched on Perrugia; Mastricula and Fettoni marched on Urbino; and Tittani and Silvani swooped down on Pesaro.

The Piedmontese, commanded by the King, were waiting to enter the States of the Church until the cities had broken out into insurrection, and the Commissioners of these cities appealed to them. But as soon as it was known that Napoleon, being at Chamberg, had authorized Cialdini to fight Garibaldi, who was marching on Rome from Naples, they crossed the frontier, took possession of Perrugia, Pesaro, Ancona, etc.; and although I do not intend to write a history of this campaign, in which the Piedmontese were four times as numerous as Lamoricière's soldiers, I wish to expose a fact which will call down the well-merited blame of all honourable people.

At the moment when General the Marquis of Pimodan, commanding a division of Pontifical Zouaves, was charging a Piedmontese column, a soldier behind him struck him dead. This soldier was an agent of Cavour, who had been engaged in Rome. This stroke of business done, the soldier deserted into Cialdini's camp, and was made a

sergeant of carabineers at Milan. The King of Italy, when he passed through the town, decorated Brambilla with the medal for military valour.

I left the King at Florence as I had to go to Naples. My mission was to combat any influences which might turn Garibaldi from Piedmontese interests. I found Naples in the most incredible state of disorder. The King, the Queen, and a few servants, instead of going to Fort St. Elma, as I had advised them, and firing grape-shot into the city, had followed the perfidious counsel of Liborio Romano, the man of Piedmont, and shut themselves up in Gaeta, whence they issued dethroned to follow the road to exile. The camp of Caserte was in a still more incredible state of disorder. The army swarmed with public women. The nights were passed in orgies; Garibaldi, who had been activity itself, was no longer recognizable. When he was not exhibiting himself in public in order to satisfy his love for popularity, he divided his time between the table, women, and Dumas, who never left him. Thanks to this line of action, the kingdom of Naples was left to the tender mercies of such men as Mazzini, Mario, Saffi, Conforti, Scialoia, de Cardona, Imbriona, Tefano, etc., etc. The first three wanted to proclaim a Republic, the others thought only of employing the coffers of the State, and obtaining for themselves offices and dignities with large emoluments.

A single example will show what I mean. If

Garibaldi, as Dictator, contented himself with a modest salary of ten francs a day, his friends did not exhibit the same disinterestedness.

Monsieur Bartheni, the Dictator's secretary, who, before the expedition into Sicily in 1860, was a simple doctor at Genoa, No. 35, Rue Neuve, is now a Staff Colonel, and worth fourteen million francs! Questioned in Parliament by one of his surgical colleagues, a Deputy like himself, on the origin of this sudden fortune, he answered, in the Session of June 7th, 1862, that four millions had been given him by Adami and Co., for the grant of the Calabrian railroads, and that he had amassed the remainder on the Stock Exchange.

Before this state of affairs, which I explained at length to Cavour, the latter could not hesitate without failing in his programme, for it was not possible that such an occasion might arise again for the completion of the Italian unity. Sure of the Roman revolutionists' aid, and counting on Napoleon's promise, the Turin Cabinet decided to invade, and turn their troops in the direction of Naples. They announced that they wished to fight Garibaldi, but were in reality resolved to embrace him as soon as they met him.

I was still at Naples when Garibaldi and the gallant King made their entry into the city, amidst a stupor caused by the comedy which they had enacted on meeting each other.

Farini, the ex-Dictator, installed himself at Naples with the same powers as at Modena, but at the end of a month he became discouraged. Prince de Carignan, Nigra, Ponzo de St. Martin, and Cialdini himself were broken against the energy of the Neapolitans. They all wanted to be Italians.

Disgusted with what I saw, I felt the need of a little rest, which was not surprising after the agitated life which I had led for several years. The death of Count Cavour, the only man whom I considered capable of surmounting all the difficulties to be encountered in this new state of things, restored me to liberty. Those who succeeded to his power, Ricasoli, Rattazzi, Peruzzi, etc., inspired me with only moderate confidence. Perhaps I had seen them too near. Besides, I must admit that the experience which I had acquired had singularly modified my ideas. I saw Piedmont force herself every where, at Milan, Modena, Parma, Florence-keeping her footing by brute strength alone. The Piedmontese were looked upon everywhere as strangers, because, it must be owned, they behaved everywhere as if they were conquerors.

The incessantly recurring embarrassments of the Italian Government, the discontent every day more manifest in the annexed provinces, and the bad state of the finances, even now, after so many years have passed, are not calculated to upset my convictions.

CHAPTER XL.

GENEVA, BRUSSELS, AND LONDON.

ON leaving Turin, after Count Cavour's death, I went to Geneva. On the shores of the much-loved lake, amongst the Swiss patriots, in the only corner of Europe where one can breathe the breath of liberty, I began to write my first pamphlet, entitled, "The Truth about the Men and Things of the Kingdom of Italy. Revelations." And, in order to give it a certain importance, I took the title of secret agent of Cavour, without, however, signing either my initials or my name.

This pamphlet, corrected by Monsignor Mermillod, made an extraordinary noise in Europe. Inquiries were held in Paris, in London, in Brussels, and in Madrid on the infamies which I had exposed and the manner in which the Duchies had been annexed by Piedmont.

But before reaching that point I had to undergo a great many disappointments. Not a printer in