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three hours, during which the proselytes walked about.

The leaders, who composed the directing Committee, were arrested and exiled from the territory. Tibvestralli, Riguelti, Mastriola, Pittoni, Silvani, and San-Angelis retired to Florence, where they were sheltered at the expense of Tuscany, and continued to spread propaganda against the Government of Rome by order of the Sardinian Government. When the Government of Piedmont invaded the Marches and Umbria it was the members of the Committees, with commissions in their pockets, who guided the armies of Cialdini and Fanti to the usurpation of Perrugia, Sinigaglia, Ancona, etc.

The evening on which these arrests took place Antonelli summoned me to the Vatican, complimented me, and gave me from the Holy Father six hundred francs. These two affairs, joined to others attributed to me, gave me the reputation of being a most extraordinary agent.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

THE SICILIAN CAMPAIGN.

(Retrospective View of Garibaldi.)

IMMEDIATELY after the arrest of the two assassins I went, by order of Cavour and Altieri, to the kingdom of Sicily, where I must pause a moment in order to complete Garibaldi's portrait before speaking of the King, the Queen, and Count Trapani.

Although he had apparently retired from politics after the treaty of Villafranca, when Cavour placed before Parliament a plan for the transfer of Nice to France, Garibaldi mounted the tribune, and in a speech full of bitterness, overflowing with rancour against France, attacked and condemned Cavour's policy. But after the sitting he shook hands with the Minister, as well as with Cialdini, Sirtari, and Tepli, his future Generals. From there he went to Genoa, embarked on the vessels which had been purchased for him by the Government, and landed a few days later at Marseilles. In spite of Persano's

vigilance he was attacked by two Neapolitan vessels, which killed four of the regular army of Sardinia, and sunk the two ships which had conveyed him thither.

Admiral Persano, who, by order of Cavour, had followed the expedition to protect it, and, if necessary, fight with it, landed, went to the General's headquarters, and addressed to the Sicilian people a proclamation in the name of Victor Emmanuel.

Then he sent the following despatch to Turin from on board the ship Adelaide on the 16th of May, 1860:

"Garibaldi has landed at Marsala with a thousand men. Crispi received him at the head of the populace. Lafarina is at Palermo. I am going there to protect him. Send men and arms to Palermo."

Next day Garibaldi started for the capital of the island. Arrived at Catalafimi, six thousand Neapolitans, commanded by officers who had sold themselves to Piedmont, pretended to resist him. At the first report of the guns the Commander-inChief, who had just received the price of his treachery, ordered a retreat on Palermo. At the moment when Garibaldi appeared on the Carleoni, Cavour's emissaries, who had entered the place and formed a provisional Government, posted up proclamations against the Bourbon dynasty. It was

the first spark of the revolution, the call to arms and the signal for insurrection. Suddenly the disguised Piedmontese spread through the city, inciting the Palermitans to rise, and to send deputations to the chief of the men who had just landed.

General Lanza, who commanded the city in the name of the King of Sicily, instead of putting himself at the head of his twenty-five thousand soldiers and crushing the insurgents, sold himself for the moderate sum of one million francs, then shut up his troops in the citadel.

Two officers of great merit, Colonels Bosco and Vanvekel, hastened to place themselves at the head of a battalion, and helped by the conservative citizens, succeeded in breaking down several barricades, but Lanza, being bought, ordered them to cease firing. He then summoned Bosco before a Court-Martial, had him arrested and confined on board an English vessel. The battalion commanded by Bosco, seeing that their loved chief did not return, rose up, crying "Treachery!" Then a horrible sight, which history will never allow to be forgotten, passed before Lanza's eyes. The heroes who had razed the barricades, who would have put the revolutionists to flight, who defended their King, who would not betray their Sovereign, were disarmed and shot by the bought traitors.

Two days after this human butchery the in

famous Lanza brought out his twenty-five thousand men before a handful of pirates. I will add just here that Lanza, alone of all the Neapolitan Generals, had joined Filangieri in forcing the King to disband the four Swiss regiments! "Where are you, brave Swiss! A single one of your regiments would have sufficed to crush Garibaldi and his mercenaries!" said the Sicilians during the combat.

Master of Palermo, Garibaldi made himself Dictator, and formed his Cabinet. The brother of the assassin Orsini was appointed Minister for War, and began to encourage voluntary enlistment. But he soon discovered that instead of an army of soldiers he had only an army of pillagers and vagrants whom the revolution had brought to light. Being unable to reduce them to any kind of discipline, he sent them on board the Leghorn. The Piedmontese Cabinet camped them at Pontedora (Tuscany), under the command of Nicotera, to whom Ricasoli, the Governor, had promised forty thousand francs. This camp made Rome uneasy. France insisted upon its being broken up. That was done. A regiment of the Line, Nicotera at the head, arrived several days later in Leghorn; he appeared in a red shirt, and embarked for Palermo. The Tuileries and the Vatican declared themselves satisfied, and yet not a man had left Pontedora.

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