Transactions, Том 1 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
actual Adam Smith advantage agricultural ALFRED MILNES amount Bimetallism Cairnes calico capital capitalist causes cent centre CHARLES PELHAM VILLIERS Chinese colony commodities consideration currency distribution districts doctrine East London economic equilibrium economic interest economic rent economic wages economist emigration employed employment England English equal existence fact fall farmer gold Honorary improvement increase India industrial influx J. H. LEVY Jews John Jarman landlord last increment law of rent less Little Guilden loan interest margin of cultivation ment migration of labour Mill minimum money wage movement National Liberal Club native normal obtained Occupation of Land ownership particular person political economy population position principles production Professor profits question rate of interest recoupment rent of ability result SIDNEY WEBB silver skill social supposed surplus value T. W. RHYS DAVIDS tenant tend tendency theory tion town trade village wealth worker
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Сторінка 96 - For practical purposes, political economy is inseparably intertwined with many other branches of social philosophy. Except on matters of mere detail, there are perhaps no practical questions, even among those which approach nearest to the character of purely economical questions, which admit of being decided on economical premises alone.
Сторінка 94 - Science is a collection of truths ; art a body of rules, or directions for conduct. The language of science is, This is, or, This is not ; This does, or does not, happen. The language of art is, Do this ; Avoid that. Science takes cognizance of a phenomenon, and endeavours to discover its law ; art proposes to itself an end, and looks out for means to .. effect it.
Сторінка 34 - To expect, indeed, that the freedom of trade should ever be entirely restored in Great Britain, is as absurd as to expect that an Oceana or Utopia should ever be established in it.
Сторінка 100 - We have here to consider, not the causes, but the consequences, of the rules according to which wealth may be distributed. Those, at least, are as little arbitrary, and have as much the character of physical laws, as the laws of production.
Сторінка 100 - The opinions and feelings of mankind, doubtless, are not a matter of chance. They are consequences of the fundamental laws of human nature, combined with the existing state of knowledge and experience, and the existing condition of social institutions and intellectual and moral culture.
Сторінка 100 - The laws and conditions of the production of wealth, partake of the character of physical truths.
Сторінка 100 - The distribution of wealth, therefore, depends on the laws and customs of society. The rules by which it is determined, are what the opinions and feelings of the ruling portion of the community make them, and are very different in different ages and countries; and might be still more different, if mankind so chose.
Сторінка 82 - Any larger product obtained elsewhere by an equivalent amount of labour must be the result of the employment of more advantageous land, of more effective labour, or of capital. According as it can be ascribed to one or the other of these causes, " surplus value " must be allotted to land rent, to the so-called
Сторінка 95 - ... greatest possible quantity of physical comfort and enjoyment. Undoubtedly the beneficial result, the great practical application of Political Economy, would be to accomplish for a nation something like what the most perfect domestic economy accomplishes for a single household : but supposing this purpose realised, there would be the same difference between the rules by which it might be effected, and Political Economy, which there is between the art of gunnery and the theory of projectiles, or...
Сторінка 99 - Unlike the laws of Production, those of Distribution are partly of human institution : since the manner in which wealth is distributed in any given society, depends on the .-tatntes or usages thercin obtaining.