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being geared down by integral reduction gearing and a suitable clutch provides for its connections to the crankshaft. The starting unit is carried by simple bracket members attached to the spring horns.

The cranking motor is designed to fit on the front of the car, replacing the hand crank, and to duplicate the action of hand cranking. When the switch button is pressed the same starting clutch as would have been employed with a hand crank is slipped into engagement with the crankshaft and the motor is spun until it fires. When the engine starts under its own power the starting clutch is automatically thrown out in the same manner that the hand crank is thrown out of engagement when the engine starts.

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Fig. 258. The Hartford Starting and Lighting System.

The system works at 6 volts and should be installed in connection with a 100-ampere hour storage battery. The starter is made in two different sizes so that all classes of cars are covered. The gear ratio between the armature of the cranking motor and the crankshaft is 9.5 to 1.

Some of the special electrical features in connection with this machine are particularly its automatic action in engaging to the crankshaft by means of a magnetic control when the starting button is depressed. The release is altogether independent from the solenoid coil which engages the cranking motor with the crankshaft, being due, as explained, to the declutching of the cranking motor. The starter is controlled by the car operator by a button depressed by the foot. It can be applied to practically any make of car by

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Fig. 259.-U. S. L. One Unit Starting System in Which Combination Motor-Generator Replaces the Engine Flywheel.

means of universal fittings which attach across the front of the frame and are adjustable in every possible way so as to fit the car properly. With this arrangement no drilling or machine work is necessary. In connection with the new cranking motor there is also brought out a positive drive for the Kemco fan generator. This gives an improved two-unit starting and lighting system with which a car can be completely electrically equipped. The overall dimensions of the cranking motor are 9 by 7 inches. Its weight is approximately 3 pounds and since the weight of the generator is 11 pounds, the two principal units total less than 50 pounds.

A special two-unit electric starting and lighting system for Ford cars has also been brought out, operating on the same principle as the larger one but adapted especially for the Ford.

Hartford Starting System. The wiring diagram at Fig. 258 shows clearly the method of connecting the various appliances forming part of the Hartford starting and lighting system. This is a 12 volt, two wire starting system, with a connection so the lamps receive their current from the battery on the three wire system. The two terminals of the generator are connected to the storage battery in the usual way, one directly to a terminal, the other through the automatic cutout. When the knife-switch is closed, the battery current flows through the motor windings and turns the engine crankshaft. The connections are so clearly shown that further description is unnecessary. The speed of the generator armature is governed by the centrifugal governor, which is designed to keep it at 1200 revolutions per minute. The lighting switch is of the selective barrel type, having three positions of the handle, one of which will give the head and rear lamps, the intermediate position lighting the side and rear, while the last position sends the current through all the lamps. This switch is not shown in the diagram.

U. S. L.-Jeffery System.-The complete starting system shown at B, Fig. 259 used on 1913 and 1914 Jeffery cars, is one in which the motor-generator replaces the gasoline engine flywheel. This means that it is directly connected to the motor crankshaft and does not employ any reduction gearing of any form. The various members comprising the starting system are indicated in heavy

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Fig. 260.-View of Complete Automobile Chassis Showing the Application of U. S. L. One Unit Starting and Lighting System, in Which the Motor-Generator Forms Part of the Power Plant Flywheel.

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black lines, while the rest of the chassis is shown in light black lines. The system is simple and easily understood. An automatic switch which changes the electric machine into a generator for charging the storage battery when the gasoline engine is running and the starting button is in its released position is one of the important parts. The regulator which makes the rate of charging the battery the same at all engine speeds is placed on the dash. The simple operation of depressing the starting button when the gasoline engine is not turning changes the flywheel generator into an electric motor that draws current from the twenty-four volt storage battery and which rotates the motor crankshaft. A Jeffery motor, with unit motor-generator replacing the flywheel, is shown at A, Fig. 259, while the complete system in its relation to the other parts of the motor car chassis are shown at Fig. 260.

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