Before the European Challenge: The Great Civilizations of Asia and the Middle EastSUNY Press, 1 січ. 1990 р. - 348 стор. The West fails to embrace the globe, and the East still looks to its own variegated past. Here is a comparative account of the spirit and development of the main civilizations in Asia before their confrontation with Modern Europe. In many respects, what is going on in Asia and in the Middle East now is a response to the prolonged European challenge. In places it is marked by a selective reception of Western values and techniques, while elsewhere preference is given to inspiration from the domestic tradition. This book aims to contribute to the understanding of these traditions. It takes the form of a historical narrative and gives a comparative insight of the world-views, values, and institutions. |
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Зміст
Introduction | 1 |
The Rise of the Levant The Cuneiscript and Pharaonic Civilizations | 7 |
22 The Spirit of Egypt | 9 |
23 The Spirit of Sumer | 14 |
24 Geography and Polity | 18 |
The Struggle for Harmony | 21 |
Between Machiocracy and Hierocracy | 26 |
From the City States to the Empire | 31 |
632 Early Buddhism | 173 |
633 The Spread and Split of Buddhism | 177 |
64 Towards a PanIndian Civilization | 180 |
642 The New Religious Spectrum | 182 |
643 The Maturation of the PanIndian Civilization | 189 |
644 The PanIndian Synthesis and a Look Backwards | 192 |
Hinduism Theravada and Islam | 196 |
652 The Reconstruction of Hinduism and the Syncretic Religions | 200 |
28 The MultiEthnic Cuneiscript | 34 |
29 The Social Structure of Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt | 39 |
The Contrasts of Syria Peoples of the Script and People of the Book | 45 |
312 The Broader Context | 50 |
From the Judges to the Prophets | 53 |
The Constitution of Judaism | 59 |
What Kind of Identity | 65 |
The Great Iranian Ventures The peripeties of Ahura Mazdah | 70 |
42 From Zarathushtra to Mazdaism | 74 |
43 The persian Levantine Empire and the Hellenic Counterstroke | 77 |
44 The Renaissance of Zoroatrianism | 80 |
45 The Heresies and the Orthodoxy | 84 |
46 Revolution and Reform | 89 |
47 Rally Collapse and Transfiguration | 96 |
The Ways of Islam Integration and Disintegration | 100 |
52 From Muhammad to the Umma | 102 |
53 The Umma and the Caliphs and Imams | 107 |
54 From the Caliphs to the Sharia | 113 |
55 From the Sunna to the Sufis | 117 |
56 Islam under a Twofold Attack | 122 |
57 The Social Structure of the Islamic Civilization | 128 |
58 The Contrast in the Spirit of Islam | 135 |
582 The Quest for Knowledge | 137 |
583 The Twilight and the Shadows | 141 |
59 The Thurst into Europe | 145 |
510 The Revival of the Shia in Iran | 150 |
From Indus to Mekong Between Brahma and Buddha | 156 |
62 From Excavations to the Books of Wisdom | 161 |
622 The Sacred Books the Vedas | 163 |
623 The Books of Instruction and the Cosmic Order | 165 |
624 Vedic Society | 168 |
63 The Spell of Novelty | 170 |
653 The Civilization of Theravada | 205 |
654 The Encounter of Civilizations in the Malayan World | 211 |
The Chinese Path The Paradigm of Continuity | 215 |
72 The Roots of Chinese Civilization | 219 |
73 The China of a Hundred Schools | 223 |
74 From the Warring States to the Empire | 230 |
75 China Turns to Confucius | 235 |
76 China Divided | 242 |
762 The Coming of Buddhism and its Subsequent Development | 244 |
763 The Social Face of Divided China | 247 |
77 Towards and Elusive Synthesis | 250 |
78 The Confucian Renaissance and the TechnoEconomical Leap Forward | 253 |
79 The Mongolian Interlude | 259 |
710 A Frustrated Momentum | 265 |
711 China Under Tutelage | 272 |
The Rhythm of the Far East Reception and Adaptation | 278 |
82 The Little Chine of Korea and Her Splendid | 280 |
83 The Long March of Vietnam | 282 |
84 Creative Reception in the Land of the Rising Sun | 284 |
842 Japan under the Spell of the Chinese Civilization | 286 |
The Kamakura Shogunate | 288 |
844 The Domestication of Buddhism in Japan | 291 |
845 The Time of Troubles and the Restructuring of the Society | 293 |
846 The New Structure and the Struggle for a New Type of Polity | 296 |
847 The Tokugawa Solution | 298 |
848 The Twilight of the Old and the Eve of the New Reception | 302 |
Notes and References | 305 |
323 | |
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336 | |
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Before the European Challenge: The Great Civilizations of Asia and the ... Jaroslav Krejci Обмежений попередній перегляд - 1990 |
The Civilizations of Asia and the Middle East: Before the European Challenge Jaroslav Krejci,Anna Krejcova Обмежений попередній перегляд - 1990 |
The Civilizations of Asia and the Middle East: Before the European Challenge Jaroslav Krejčí,Anna Klejčová Перегляд фрагмента - 1990 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
Abbasid amongst ancient Arabic Aramaeans aristocracy Assyrian Babylonian basic became began brahmins Buddha Buddhism caliphate caste Central Asia century BC China Chinese Chinese civilization Christian concept Confucian contrast cult culture Cuneiscript civilization Dar al-Islam deities domination dynasty economic Egypt Egyptian elements elite emerged emperor empire epoch ethnic European eventually favour feudal foreign hand Hellenic Hindu Hinduism Hurrians ideas imperial Indian Iran Iranian Islamic civilization Jainists Japan Japanese Jewish Jews Judaic kind king kingdom known Korea land language later Levant mainly Mamluks Mazdak Mesopotamia military missionaries Mongolian Mongols Muhammad Muslim nations Ottoman particular peasants period Persian Pharaonic philosophy Phoenician political population position principle religion religious respect ritual role rule rulers schools script seems Shi'ite shogun social society spirit structure Sufi Sumerian Sunnite syncretism Syria Taoist teaching Theravada took tradition Turkic various Vedas Vedic whilst whole world-view worship Zarathushtra Zoroastrian