summer till the equinox. The month next before winter is called Harvest-Month; the first in winter is the Month of Cattle-Slaughter; then Freezing Month, then Rain-Month, then the Month of Winter's Wane, then Gói;' then SingleMonth, then Cuckoo-Month and Seed-Time, then Eggtime and Lamb-Weaning-Time; then come Sun-Month and Pasture Month, then Haying-Season; then Reaping Month.]2 LXIII. "What are the simple terms for men? Each, in himself, is Man; the first and highest name by which man is called is Emperor; next to that, King; the next thereto, Earl: these three men possess in common all the following titles: All-Ruler, as this song showeth: I know all All-Rulers East and south, o'er the Ships' seat: Here he is called War-Prince also; for this reason he is called All-Ruler, that he is sole Ruler of all his realm. Host-Arrayer, as Gizurr sang: The Host-Arrayer feedeth The wolf and the raven in folk-mote; 1 I cannot find the meaning of this word. 2 "This passage, which U lacks, is clearly a later addition." Jónsson, Copenhagen ed. (1900), p. 138, footnote. "A King is called Host-Arrayer because he divides his war-host into companies. Leader, as Óttarr the Swarthy sang: The Leader taketh Odin's loved Wife, The lordless land; His a warrior's life. Lord or Lording, as Arnórr sang: The Lord of Hjaltland, highest An earl is called Host-Duke, and a king also is so termed, forasmuch as he leads his host to battle. Thus sang Thjódólfr: He who put to shame the Host-Duke Signor, or Señor, as Sigvatr sang: O Norway's gracious Signor, Munificent One, as Markús sang: The Munificent Prince brought fire's destruction O'er the base people; to the pirates Death was fated: Thief-Compeller, South at Jóm highest flame-glow kindle! Illustrious One, as Hallvardr sang: No Illustrious One nearer Land-Driver, as Thjódólfr sang: The guileless Land-Driver sprinkles as was written before;' he is called so because he drives his host about the lands of other kings, or drives a host out of his own land. LXIV. "There was a king named Hálfdan the Old, who was most famous of all kings. He made a great sacrificial feast at mid-winter, and sacrificed to this end, that he might live three hundred years in his kingdom; but he received these answers: he should not live more than the full life of a man, but for three hundred years there should be no woman and no man in his line who was not of great repute. He was a great warrior, and went on forays far and wide in the Eastern Regions: there he slew in single combat the king who was called Sigtryggr. Then he took in See page 173. 2 That is, in the lands bordering the Baltic. 3 3 2 marriage that woman named Alvig the Wise, daughter of King Eymundr of Hólmgardr:' they had eighteen sons, nine born at one birth. These were their names: the first, Thengill, who was called Manna-Thengill; the second, Ræsir; the third, Gramr; 3 the fourth, Gylfi;3 the fifth, Hilmir; the sixth, Jöfurr;3 the seventh, Tyggi;' the eighth, Skyli3 or Skúli;' the ninth, Harri' or Herra.' These nine brothers became so famous in foraying that, in all records since, their names are used as titles of rank, even as the name of King or that of Earl. They had no children, and all fell in battle. Thus sang Óttarr the Swarthy: In his youth stalwart Thengill Was swift and staunch in battle: I pray his line endureth; O'er all men I esteem him. Thus sang Markús: The Ræsir let the Rhine's Sun shimmer From the reddened Skull's ship on the Sea-Fells. Thus sang Egill: The Gramr the hood hath lifted From the hair-fenced brows of the Singer. Thus sang Eyvindr: I Russia. He played with the land-folk Who should have defended; 2 This word means Prince or King; Manna-Thengill= Prince of Men. 3 All of these words are poetic names for a Prince or King. Gylfi the gladsome Stood 'neath the gold helmet. Thus sang Glúmr Geirason: Hilmir beneath the helmet Reddened the sword hone-hollowed.' Let Jöfurr hear the beginning Of his laud: all the king's praises Let him mark my praise-song's measures. As Stúfr sang: The glory-ardent Tyggi South before Niz with two hands Beat down the band of heroes: Glad beneath their shields the host went. Thus sang Hallfredr: From Skyli I am parted: This age of swords hath caused it. Thus sang Markús : 1 See page 197. I bid the hawklike Danish Harri |