LIV. "How are the gods named? They are called Fetters,

as Eyjólfr the Valiant Skald sang:

Eiríkr draws the lands beneath him

At the pleasure of the Fetters,
And fashions the Spear-Battle.

And Bonds, as Thjódólfr of Hvin sang:

The skilful God-Deceiver

To the Bonds proved a stern sharer
Of bones: the Helmet-Hooded
Saw somewhat hindered seething.'

Powers, as Einarr Tinkling-Scale sang:

I say, the Mighty Powers
Magnify Hákon's empire.

Jólnar, as Eyvindr sang:

We have fashioned
The Feast of Jólnar,
The Prince's praise-song,
Strong as a stone bridge.

Deities, as Kormákr sang:

See page 130.

2 This word, in the singular, is one of the names of Odin. I can find no etymology for it.

3 A rare and doubtful word. According to Cl.-Vig., the word occurs only twice: Yngl. S., ch. ii, and here. Cl.-Vig. holds that the word probably means priests: "The diar of the Yngl. S. were probably analogous to the Icel. godi, from god (deus)" (p. 100).

The Giver of Lands, who bindeth

The sail to the top, with gold-lace

Honors him who pours Deities' verse-mead;
Odin wrought charms on Rindr.'

LV. "These names of the heavens are recorded (but we have not found all these terms in poems; and these skaldic terms, even as others, are not meet for use in skaldic writing, methinks, unless one first find such names in the works of Chief Skalds): Heaven, Hlýrnir, Heidthornir, StormMímir, Long-Lying, Light-Farer, Driving, Topmost Sky, Wide-Fathom, Vet-Mímir, Lightning, Destroyer, WideBlue. The solar planet is called Sun, Glory, Ever-Glow, All-Bright, Sight, Fair Wheel, Healing Ray, Dvalinn's Playmate, Elfin-Beam, Doubtful-Beam, Luminary. The lunar planet is called Moon, Waxer, Waner, Year-Teller, Mock-Sun, Fengari, Glamour, Haster, Crescent, Glare.

LVI. "Which are the simple terms for Earth? She is called
Earth, as Thjódólfr sang:

The hardy Point-Rain's Urger
Oft caused the harsh sword-shower,
Ere under him the broad Earth
With battle he subjected.

Field, as Óttarr sang:

The Prince guards the Field:
Few kings are so mighty;

1 See page 100.

2 "Byzant. peyɣápɩ; an äπ. λey.” (Cl.-Vig., p. 151).

Óleifr fattens the eagle,

Foremost is the Swedes' King.

Ground, as Hallvardr sang:

The broad Ground, 'neath the venom-cold Adder
Bound, lies subject to the Warrior

Of the Island-Fetter's heaped gold;

The Hone-Land's Lord the hoard dispenseth.

Haudr,' as Einarr sang:

Brave heroes are defending

The hard Haudr of famous princes
With the sword; oft splits the helmet
Before the furious edge-storm.

Hlödyn,' as Völu-Steinn sang:

I remember how murky earth yawned
With graven mouth for the Sender
Of the Gold-Words of the Giant
Of the hard bones of Green Hlödyn.

Country, as Úlfr Uggason sang:

But the flashing-eyed stiff Edge-Rope
Of the Earth stared past the gunwale
At the Rowan-Tree of the Country
Of Stone, the Giant-Tester."

Fjörgyn,3 as is said here:

I was faithful to the free Payer
Of the stream-bed of Fjörgyn's Serpent;
May honor be closely guarded

By the Giver of the Giant's Stream-gold.

LVII. "It is correct to periphrase blood or carrion in terms of the beast which is called Strangler, by calling them his Meat and Drink; it is not correct to express them in terms of other beasts. The Strangler is also called Wolf. As Thjódólfr sang:

Enough guesting to the Ravener
Was given, when the Son of Sigurdr

A personification.

2 See page 179.

3 Cf. Goth. fairguni (: (= a mountain) and A.-S. fyrgen. A personification: Fjörgynn is father of Frigg and of Jörd (Earth).

4 Vargr;

cf. A.-S. wearg, Ger. -würgen.

Came from the North, the Wolf

To lure from the wood to the wound.

Here he is called Ravener also.

Greedy One, as Egill sang:

The Greedy One gashed
Grisly wounds, when plashed
The red Point-Creek

On the raven's beak.

Witch-Beast, as Einarr sang:

The Götha, cold with venom,

With hot Wound-Gush was reddened;
The Witch-Beast's warm drink, mingled
With the water, in the sea poured.

She-Wolf, as Arnórr sang:

The She-Wolf's evil Kindred
Swallowed the corpse, harm-swollen,
When the green sea was turnèd
To red, with gore commingled.

Strangler, as Illugi sang:

There was happiness for the Strangler
When my lord pursued hosts full many;
With the sword the Necklet-Minisher
Pierced the swart Snake of the Forest.