NEANDER. Shcheander [Neander in the Lecture Room.] GERMANY has just lost one of her greatest Protestant theologians, AUGUSTUS NEANDER. He was born at Göttingen, Jan. 16, 1789, and died at Berlin, July 13, 1850, in his sixty-second year. He was of Jewish descent, as his strongly-marked features sufficiently evidence; but at the age of seventeen he embraced the Christian religion, to the defense of which his labors, and to the exemplification of which his life, were thenceforth devoted. Having studied theology at Halle, under Schleiermacher, he was appointed private lecturer at Heidelberg in 1811, and in the following year the first Professor of Theology at the Royal University of Berlin, which post he held to the time of his death, a period of thirty-eight years. Deservedly high as is his reputation abroad, it is still higher in his own country, where he was known not only as an author, but as a teacher, a preacher, and The following is a list of his published works: The Emperor Julian and his Times, a man. 1812; Bernard and his Times, 1813; Genetical Development of the Principal Gnostic Systems, 1818; Chrysostom and the Church in his Times, 1820 and 1832; Memorabilia from the History of Christianity and the Christian Life, 1822 and 1845-46; A Collection of Miscellanies, chiefly exegetical and historical, 1829; A Collection of Miscellanies, chiefly biographical, 1840; The Principle of the Reformation, or, Staupitz and Luther, 1840; History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church, 4th ed., 1847; The Life of Jesus Christ in its Historical Connection and Historical Development, 4th ed., 1845; General History of the Christian Re ligion and Church, 1842-47. Neander is best known to readers of English by the last twe works, both of which have been made accessible to them by American scholars. The Life of Christ was undertaken to counteract the impression made by STRAUSS's "Life of Christ," in which the attempt was made to apply the mythical theory to the entire structure of evangelical history. According to Strauss, 511 sister could be seen walking up and down on the opposite side of the street, waiting to accompany him home. ive of his absence of mind, such as his appearing "Many anecdotes are related of him illustratin the lecture room half dressed-if left alone, always going to his old residence, after he had removed to another part of the city-walking the sum of the historical truth contained in the narratives of the evangelists is, that Jesus lived and taught in Judea, where he gathered diseiples who believed that he was the Messiah. According to their preconceived notions, the life of the Messiah, and the period in which he lived, were to be illustrated by signs and wonders. Messianic legends existed ready-made, in the hopes and expectations of the people, only need-in the gutter, &c., &c. In the lecture room, ing to be transferred to the person and character of Jesus. The appearance of this work produced a great sensation in Germany. It was believed by many that the book should be prohibited; and the Prussian government was inclined to this measure. Neander, however, advised that the book should rather be met by argument. His Life of Christ which was thus occasioned, wears, in consequence, a somewhat polemical aspect. It has taken the rank of a standard authority, both in German and in English, into which it has been admirably translated by Professors M'CLINTOCK and BLU-the next moment precipitate himself headlong MENTHAL. The great work of Neander's life, and of which his various writings in the departments of Ecclesiastical History, Biography, Patristics, and Dogmatics are subsidiary, is the General History of the Christian Religion and Church. The first part of this, containing the history of the first three centuries, was published in 1825, and, improved and enlarged, in 1842–43. second part, which brings the history down to The the close of the sixth century, appeared originally in 1828, and in a second edition in 1846-47. These two parts, comprising four volumes of the German edition, are well known to English readers through the excellent version of Professor TORREY. This is a history of the inner development of Christian doctrines and opinions rather than of the external progress of the Church, and in connection with GIESELER'S TextBook, furnishes by far the best apparatus for the study of ecclesiastical history now extant. A correspondent of the Boston Traveler, writing under date of Berlin, July 22, gives the following graphic sketch of the personal characteristics of Neander: LL NEANDER is no more! eight years has defeated the attacks upon the He who for thirtychurch from the side of rationalism and philosophy-who, through all the controversies among theologians in Germany, has remained true to the faith of his adoption, the pure and holy religion of Jesus Christ-Neander, the philosopher, the scholar-better, the great and good man-has been taken from the world. his manner was in the highest degree peculiar. He put his left arm over the desk, clasping the book in his hand, and after bringing his face close to the corner of his desk, effectually concealed it by holding his notes close to his nose. during the lecture, he kept constantly twirling "In one hand was always a quill, which, about and crushing. He pushed the desk forward upon two legs, swinging it back and forth, and every few minutes would plunge forward almost spasmodically, throwing one foot back in a way leading you to expect that he would his pen, occasional spitting, jerking his foot down upon the desks of the students. Twirling backward, taken with his dress, gave him a most eccentric appearance in the lecture room. Meeting him upon the street, with his sister, you never would have suspected that such a strange looking being could be Neander. He formerly had two sisters, but a few years ago and for a short interval he was quite overcome, the favorite one died. It was a trying affliction, but suddenly he dried his tears, calmly declared his firm faith and reliance in the wise purpose of God in taking her to himself, and resumed his lectures immediately as if nothing had overtaken him to disturb his serenity. Poor students were not only presented with tickets "Neander's charity was unbounded. to his lectures, but were also often provided by him with money and clothing. thing of the money received for his lectures Not a fargiven away for benevolent purposes. ever went to supply his own wants; it was all come from his writings was bestowed upon the Missionary, Bible, and other societies, and upon The inhospitals. sometimes give away to a poor student all the to have obtruded upon his mind. He would Thoughts of himself never seemed money he had about him at the moment the request was made of him, even his new coat, retaining the old one for himself. You have known this great man in your country more on account of his learning, from his books, than in any other way; but here, where he has lived, his charity, have distinguished him above all one finds that his private character, his piety, others. "He was never married, but lived with his maiden sister. Often have I seen the two walking arm in arm upon the streets and in the parks of the city. Neander's habit of abstrac-influence of his example has not been as great "It would be difficult to decide whether the tion and short-sightedness rendered it necessary as that of his writings upon the thousands of for him to have some one to guide the way young men who have been his pupils. Protwhenever he left his study for a walk or to go estants, Catholics, nearly all the leading preachto his lecture room. walked with him to the University, and just lectures, and all have been more or less guided Generally, a studenters throughout Germany, have attended his before it was time for his lecture to close, his by him. While philosophy has been for years. attempting to usurp the place of religion, Neander has been the chief instrument in combating it, and in keeping the true faith constantly before the students. "He was better acquainted with Church History and the writings of the Fathers than any one of his time. It has been the custom upon the recurrence of his birth-day, for the students to present to him a rare edition of one of the Fathers, and thus he has come to have one of the most complete sets of their writings to be found in any library. Turning from his great literary attainments, from all considerations suggested by his profound learning, it is pleasant to contemplate the pure Christian character of the man. Although born a Jew, his whole life seemed to be a sermon upon the text, 'That disciple whom Jesus loved said unto Peter, It is the Lord!' Neander's life resembled more 'that disciple's' than any other. He was the loving John, the new Church Father of our times. "His sickness was only of a few days' duration. On Monday he held his lecture as usual. The next day he was seized with a species of cholera. A day or two of pain was followed by a lucid interval, when the physicians were encouraged to hope for his recovery. see the tears gushing from the eyes of those who had been the pupils and friends of Neander. Many were deeply moved, and well might they join with the world in mourning for one who had done more than any one to keep pure the religion of Christ here in Germany. 66 After the benediction was pronounced, every one present, according to the beautiful custom here, went to the grave and threw into it a handful of dirt, thus assisting at the burial. Slowly, and in scattered groups the crowd dispersed to their various homes. "How insignificant all the metaphysical controversies of the age, the vain teachings of man, appeared to us as we stood at the grave-side of Neander. His was a far higher and holier faith, from which, like the Evangelist, he never wavered. In his life, in his death, the belief to which he had been converted, his watchword remained unchanged: 'It is the Lord!' His body has been consigned to the grave, but the sunset glory of his example still illumines our sky, and will forever light us onward to the path he trod." During this interval THE DISASTERS OF A MAN WHO he dictated a page in his Church History, and then said to his sister-I am weary-let us go home.' He had no time to die. He needed no further preparation; his whole life had been the best preparation, and up to the last moment we see him active in his master's service. The disease returned with redoubled force; a day or two more of suffering, and on Sunday, less than a week from the day of attack, he was dead. "On the 17th of July I attended the funeral services. The procession of students was formed at the university, and marched to his dwelling. In the meantime, in the house, the theological students, the professors from Berlin, and from the University of Halle, the clergy, relatives, high officers of government, etc., were assembled to hear the funeral discourse. Professor Strauss, for forty-five years an intimate friend of Neander, delivered a sermon. During the exercises, the body, not yet placed in the coffin, was covered with wreaths and flowers, and surrounded with burning candles. "The procession was of great length, was formed at 10 A. M. and moved through Unter den Linden as far as Frederick-street, and then the whole length of Frederick-street as far as the Elizabeth-street Cemetery. The whole distance, nearly two miles, the sides of the streets, doors and windows of the houses were filled with an immense concourse of people who had come to look upon the solemn scene. The hearse was surrounded with students, some of them from Halle, carrying lighted candles, and in advance was borne the Bible and Greek Testament which had ever been used by the deceased. "At the grave, a choir of young men sang appropriate music, and a student from Halle made an affecting address. It was a solemn sight to WOULDN'T TRUST HIS WIFE. A TALE OF A TAILOR. BY WM. HOWITT. HERE are a multitude of places in this wide THER world, that we never heard of since the day of creation, and that never would become known to a soul beyond their own ten miles of circumference, except to those universal discoverers, the tax-gatherers, were it not that some sparks of genius may suddenly kindle there, and carry their fame through all countries and all generations. This has been the case many times, and will be the case again. We are now destined to hear the sound of names that our fathers never dreamed of; and there are other spots, now basking in God's blessed sunshine, of which the world knows and cares nothing, that shall, to our children, become places of worship, and pilgrimage. Something of this sort of glory was cast upon the little town of Rapps, in Bohemia, by the hero whose name stands conspicuously in this article, and whose pleasant adventures I flatter myself that I am destined to diffuse still further. HANS NADELTREIBER was the son of Mr. Strauss Nadeltreiber, who had, as well as his ancestors before him, for six generations, practiced, in the same little place, that most gentlemanly of all professions, a tailorseeing that it was before all others, and was used and sanctioned by our father Adam. Now Hans, from boyhood up, was a remarkable person. His father had known his share of troubles, and having two sons, both older than Hans, naturally looked in his old age to reap some comfort and assistance from their united labors. But the two elder sons successively had fled from the shop-board. One had gone for a soldier, and was shot; the other had learned 513 the craft of a weaver, but being too fond of his would be the seed of a fortune; that he should pot, had broken his neck by falling into a quarry, flourish far beyond the scale of old Strauss; as he went home one night from a carousal. should drive his antagonist, in utter despair, Hans was left the sole staff for the old man to from the ground; and should, in short, arrive lean upon; and truly a worthy son he proved eventually at no less a dignity than-Bürgerhimself. He was as gentle as a dove, and as meister of Rapps! tender as a lamb. A cross word from his father, when he had made a cross stitch, would almost break his heart; but half a word of kindness revived him again-and he seldom went long without it; for the old man, though rendered rather testy and crabbed in his temper, by his many troubles and disappointments, was naturally of a loving, compassionate disposition, and, moreover, regarded Hans as the apple of his eye. Hans was of a remarkably light, slender, active make, full of life and mettle. This moment he was on the board, stitching away with as much velocity as if he were working for a funeral or a wedding, at an hour's notice; next, he was dispatching his dinner at the same the rate; and the third beheld him running, leaping, and playing, among his companions, as blithe as a young kid. If he had a fault, it was being too fond of his fiddle. This was his everlasting up with the smallest spice of encouragement. There came the Hippopotamus, Sneezing, snorting, blowing water Every mouthful a huge slaughter! Or he swallowed them by legions; Soon a desert were those regions. With their wings, and stings, and nippers; That he slipped away in slippers! emerged from!" cried Hans, and, seizing "Ha! ha!-slipped down into the mud that his fiddle, dashed off the Hippopotamus in a style that did him a world of good, and makes us wish that we had the musical notes of it. Then he fell to, and day and night he wrought. Work came; it was done. a crust of bread and a merry tune were enough for him. His money grew; the sum was nearly He wanted littleaccomplished, when, returning one evening from carrying out some work-behold! his door was open! Behold! the lid of his pot where he deposited his treasure was off! The money was gone! delight. One would have thought that his elbow had labor enough, with jerking his needle some thirty thousand times a day; but it was in him a sort of universal joint-it never seemed to know what weariness was. His fiddle stood always on the board in a corner by him, and no sooner had he ceased to brandish his needle, than he began to brandish his fiddlestick. If he ever he could be said to be lazy, it was when his father was gone out to measure, or try on; and his fiddle being too strong a temptation for him, he would seize upon it, and labor at it with all his might, till he spied his father turning his next corner homeward. Nevertheless, with this trifling exception, he was a pattern of filial duty; and now the time was come that his father must die-his mother was dead long before; and he was left alone in the world with his fiddle. The whole house, board, tradewhat there was of it-all was his. came to take stock, and make an inventory-in When he his head-of what he was worth, it was by no vast commotion. He did not even fail to insinThis was a terrible blow. means such as to endanger his entrance into uate that it might be the interloper oppositeHans raised a heaven at the proper time. Naturally enough, the Hippopotamus. Who so likely as he, who he thought of the Scripture simile of the rich had his eye continually on Hans's door? man, and the camel getting through the eye of a no matter-the thief was clear off; and the only needle; but it did not frighten him. But never had much beforehand, when he had the rated for his stinginess. "Ay," said they, "this His father comfort he got from his neighbors, was being whole place to himself; and now, behold! an- comes of living like a curmudgeon, in a great other knight of the steel-bar had come from-house by yourself, working your eyes out to nobody knew where-a place often talked of, hoard up money. What must a young man yet still a terra incognita; had taken a great like you do with scraping up pots full of money, In the depth of his trouble, he took to his fiddle, from his fiddle to his bed, and in his bed he had a dream-I thought we had done with these dreams!-in which he was assured, that could he once save the sum of fifty dollars, it like a miser? It is a shame!—it is a sin!!— would always think there was somebody in. At all events, you might have a light." "There is something in that," said Hans. He was not at all unreasonable; so he determined to have a light in future: and he fell to work again. but then the money was gone with him, which was a terrible loss. He This was more than Hans could bear. was perfectly cast down, disheartened, and inconsolable. At first, he thought of running after the fellow; and, as he knew the scamp could not go far without a passport, and as Hans had gone the round of the country himself, in the three years of his Wandel-Jahre, as required by the worshipful guild of tailors, he did not doubt but that he should some day pounce upon the scoundrel. But then, in the mean time, who was to keep his trade together? There was the Hippopotamus watching opposite! No! it would not do! and his neighbor, coming in to condole with him, said—“ Cheer up, man! there is nothing amiss yet. What signify a few dollars? You will soon get plenty more, with those nimble fingers of yours. You want only somebody to help you to keep them. You must get a wife! Journeymen were thieves from the first generation. You must get married!" Bad as his luck had been, he resolved not to be cast down: he was as diligent and as thrifty as ever; and he resolved, when he became Bürgermeister of Rapps, to be especially severe on sneaking thieves, who crept into houses that were left to the care of Providence and the municipal authorities. A light was everlastingly burning in his window; and the people, as they passed in the morning, said, "This man must have a good business that requires him to be up thus early;" and they who passed in the evening, said, "This man must be making a fortune, for he is busy early and late." At length Hans leaped down from his board with the work that was to complete his sum, a second time; went; returned, with the future Bürgermeister growing rapidly upon him; when, as he turned the corner of the street-men and "Get married!" thought Hans. He was mercies!—what a spectacle! His house was struck all on a heap at the very mention of it. in a full burst of flame, illuminating, with a "Get married! What! fine clothes to go aruddy glow, half the town, and all the faces of wooing in, and fine presents to go a-wooing the inhabitants, who were collected to witness with; and parson's fees, and clerk's fees; and the catastrophe. Money, fiddle, shop-board-wedding-dinner, and dancing, and drinking; and all were consumed! and when poor Hans danced then, doctor's fees, and nurse's fees, and children and capered, in the very ecstasy of his distrac- without end! That is ruin!" thought Hanstion-" Ay," said his neighbors, "this comes of "without end!" The fifty dollars and the leaving a light in an empty house. It was just Bürgermeistership—they might wait till doomsthe thing to happen. Why don't you get somebody to take care of things in your absence?" day. "Well, that is good!" thought Hans, as he took a little more breath. "They first counseled me to get a light-then went house and all in a bonfire; next, I must get a journeyman-then went the money; and now they would have me bring more plagues upon me than Moses brought upon Egypt. Nay, nay!" thought Hans; "you'll not catch me there, neither." Hans stood corrected; for, as I have said, he was soon touched to the quick, and though in his anger he did think it rather unkind that they, who advised the light, now prophesied after the event; when that was a little abated, he thought there was reason in what they now said. So, bating not a jot of his determination to save, and to be Bürgermeister of Rapps, he Hans all this time was seated upon his shoptook the very next house, which luckily hap- board, stitching, at an amazing rate, upon a pened to be at liberty, and he got a journeyman. garment which the rascally Wagner should have For a long time, his case appeared hard and finished to order at six o'clock that morning, hopeless. He had to pay three hundred per instead of decamping with his money; and, ever eent. for the piece of a table, two stools, and a and anon, so far forgetting his loss in what apcouple of bags of hay, which he had procured peared to him the ludicrousness of this advice, of a Jew, and which, with an odd pot, and a as freely to laugh out. All that day, the idea wooden spoon or two, constituted all his furni- continued to run in his head; the next, it had ture. Then, he had two mouths to feed instead lost much of its freshness; the third, it appeared of one; wages to pay; and not much more not so odd as awful; the fourth, he began to work done than he could manage himself. But ask himself whether it might be quite so mostill he had dreamed; and dreams, if they are mentous as his imagination had painted it; the genuine, fulfill themselves. The money grew- fifth, he really thought it was not so bad neither; slowly, very slowly, but still it grew; and Hans the sixth, it had so worked round in his head, pitched upon a secure place, as he thought, to that it had fairly got on the other side, and apconceal it in. Alas! poor Hans! He had peared clearly to have its advantages-children often in his heart grumbled at the slowness of did not come scampering into the world all at his Handwerks-Bursch, or journeyman; but the once, like a flock of lambs into a meadow-a fellow's eyes had been quick enough, and he wife might help to gather, as well as spendproved himself a hand-work's fellow to some might possibly bring something of her ownpurpose, by clearing out Hans's hiding-place, ay! a new idea!-would be a perpetual watch and becoming a journeyman in earnest. The and storekeeper in his absence-might speak a fellow was gone one morning; no great loss-word of comfort, in troubles when even his |