On the 20th of July, Philip arrived at Southampton, was received with great pomp, and conducted on to Winchester, where he was met by the enamored queen. He was married by Gardiner on the 25th. Two days after, they were proclaimed by the following sounding titles: "Philip and Mary, King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland; Princes of Spain and Sicily, Defenders of the Faith; Archdukes of Austria; Dukes of Milan, Burgundy, and Brabant; Counts of Habspring, Flanders, and Tirol"! With such triumphing did this bridal pair enter upon their new life. The selfish ambition of the stately bridegroom was gratified by the addition of new and valuable titles to his long list of hereditary honors, and the foolish bride had the desire of her heart in the possession of a royal, catholic husband; and now the world was to see, on a regal scale, one of the three things for which the earth is disquieted an odious woman when she is married." Philip brought a large amount of treasure into the country, but not enough to buy the affections, or even the moderate good-will of the English;* and he probably derived as little pleasure from his new connection as he imparted. It was an unhappy affair in all its aspects.*

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* "The 12th of February, [1554-5,] ninety-nine horses and two carries laden with treasure of gold and silver, brought out of Spain, was conveyed through the citie to the Tower of London, under the conduct of Sir Thomas Gersham, the queen's merchant and other." Stowe's Chronicle.

During the summer of 1554, the bishops were busy in visiting their respective dioceses, to see enforced the queen's injunctions. Bonner went raving through his field like a madman, or one possessed of a devil; or rather like a wild beast. Whenever he found matters not to his mind, he railed and swore at the priest and the people, and even employed personal violence to illustrate his meaning. In his attempt to strike Dr. Bricket, parson of Hadham, he missed his aim, and the blow fell with great force on Sir Thomas Josselin's ear. One of the bishop's attendants apologizing for Bonner, by saying that his being confined in the Marshalsea prison had disordered him, so that he did not know in his passion what he did, Sir Thomas replied, that he thought now he was taken out of the Marshalsea he should be carried to Bedlam. The carvers and makers of statues had now abundant employment, roods and other images being ordered up all over the diocese of London ; for it was Bonner's anxious care to restore the old idolatrous order of things in the churches, as far and as fast as possible.*

This visitation of the country prepared the way for the third and the most important parliament of this reign the one that was to repeal all the offensive laws against the pope, reconcile the kingdom

* “October 16th [1554], Dr. Story and another were appointed by the cardinal to visit every parish church in London and Middlesex, to see their rood-lofts repaired, and the images of the crucifixes, with Mary and John thereon, to be fixed.”. Stowe's Chron.

to the Romish church, revive the old persecuting statutes of the realm, and introduce the scenes of blood which have marked with an everlasting stigma this popish queen, as "The Bloody Mary!" In the writs which summoned this parliament, the title of "Supreme Head of the Church of England” was, for the first time since Henry assumed it, dropped. The session commenced November 12th, 1554, and continued to January 16th, 1554-5.* Especial care had been taken by the court to secure the election of persons friendly to popery. The queen went so far as to address a circular letter to the sheriffs, in which she commanded them to use their influence to prevent any but "grave and catholic sort" being returned to parliament.† The great body of the commons, on assembling, were found to be of the right sort; and the especial work of the session was pushed on rapidly, and satisfactorily to the court; though thirty-nine members, finding the majority determined to sacrifice everything on the altar of popery, on the 12th of January withdrew wholly from parliament, of whom "the great lawyer Plowden was one." +

The first important act of the session was the

* Statutes of Philip and Mary, anno 1 and 2.

† Parl. Hist., 111. 311; Strype, vol. III. pt. 1. ch. 19, pp. 244-46. ‡ The names of these bold men, who were afterwards indicted in the queen's bench for their boldness, are given by Lord Coke, in his Institutes, pt. iv. p. 13; by Strype, ut sup. ch. 20, p. 262; and by the authors of the Parl. Hist., III. 333.

repeal of the bill of attainder against Cardinal Pole.* Two days after, the cardinal arrived in London; and on the 27th of November a message was sent to both houses, to come to Whitehall and hear the legate's message to the rebellious, but now repenting kingdom. He made the members a long speech, setting forth his legatine authority from the pope, and inviting them to return and be reconciled to his holiness, the sovereign pontiff. Two days after, the parliament, in a humble petition to the king and queen, to intercede with the pope for the reconciliation of the kingdom to the see of Rome, confessed their sin for what had been done against his holiness, and humbly begged on their knees, forgiveness, and the restoration of his favor. The legate was only too happy to receive this confession, and to grant this prayer; and so England, after twenty years of alienation from mother church, was absolved and restored to her loving arms forthwith, to the unutterable joy of the pope and his conclave at Rome.

This great work accomplished, the ministry now

So the Parliamentary History says: "The first bill that appeared in the lords was to repeal the act of attainder against Cardinal Pole." It was introduced on the 17th of November, passed both houses on the 21st, and had the royal assent on the 22d, the king and queen being both present on this occasion. Vol. III.

p. 313, or vol. 1. p. 617, of Hansard's edition. The printed Statutes of the Realm do not contain this act; though it is in the list of acts of that parliament, and numbered 18. The printed collection contains only 17. See Public Records, Statutes of the Realm, pt. 1. vol. IV. p. 237, comp. p. 264.

drove on the work arranged for this parliament. First came the repeal of "all statutes, articles, and provisions, made against the see apostolique of Rome, since the twentieth year of King Henry VIII." The title of "Supreme Head of the Church" was erased from the royal titles; it was declared that bulls from Rome might be executed, and the statutes of mortmain were repealed; in short, that the whole fabric of law by which the Reformation had been established and sustained in England should be at once and forever overthrown. There was only one topic on which the voice of parliament was not in accordance with the queen's and the pope's wishes, and that was the church lands which had been alienated to the laity. It was found necessary to make a proviso in the statute of general repeal, "for the establishment of all spiritual and ecclesiastical possessions and hereditaments conveyed to the laity." Without this, it was thought the pope's supremacy could not have been restored.*

By another bill, the persecuting statutes of Richard II., Henry IV., and Henry V., against the Lollards, were restored to their full force again.† A bill was passed making it treason, punishable with death, to pray that God would turn the queen's

* Statutes, 1 and 2 Philip and Mary, ch. 8. This act is very minute in its provisions, containing twenty-six sections, and filling eight and a half folio pages. Parl. Hist., pp. 324-28; Burnet, vol. II. pt. 11. bk. 11. pp. 589-98.

† Statutes, ut sup. ch. 6.