1. Must be where they enter buildings from outside terminal insulators to and through the walls, covered with extra waterproof insulation and must have drip loops outside, preferably slanting upward toward the inside, and bushed with waterproof and non-combustible insulating tube.

2. Must be arranged to enter and leave the building through a double contact service switch, which will effectually close the main circuit and disconnect the interior wires when it is turned "off." The switch must be so constructed that it shall be automatic in its action, not stopping between points when started, and prevent an arc between the points under all circumstances; it must indicate on inspection whether the current be "on" or "off," and be mounted on a noncombustible base in a position where it can be kept free from moisture and easy of access to police or firemen.

3 Must be always in plan sight, never covered, except in special cases, where an armored tube may be necessary.

4. Must be covered in all cases with a waterproof and, as far as possible, non-combustible material that will adhere to the wire, not fray by friction, and bear a temperature of 150° F. without softening.

5. Must be in dry places kept rigidly apart at least ten inches, except when covered (in addition to insulation) by waterproof, non-conducting and non-inflammable tubing, which must be strong enough to protect the insulating covering from injury. Conductors thus placed may be run not less than three inches apart, and be fastened with staples, under which are placed mechanically rigid insulating strips or saddles of greater width than the metal of the staple, by which possibility of injury to the tube may be prevented.

6. Must be in damp places attached to glass or porcelain insulators, and separated ten inches or more.

7. Must be, when passing through walls, floors, timbers or partitions, treated as in central stations under like conditions.

LAMPS AND OTHER DEVICES.

Arc Lamps.

1. Must be carefully isolated from inflammable material.

2. Must be provided at all times with a glass globe surrounding the arc, securely fastened upon a closed base. No broken or cracked globes may be used. 3. Must be provided with a hand switch, also an automatic switch, that will shunt the current around the carbons should they fail to feed properly.

4. Must be provided with reliable stops to prevent carbons from falling out in case the clamps become loose.

5. Must be carefully insulated from the circuit in all their exposed parts. 6. Must be, where inflammable material is near or under the lamps, provided with a wire netting around the globe and a spark-arrester above, to prevent escape of sparks, melted copper or carbon.

Incandescent lamps in series circuits, having a maximum potential of 850 volts or over, must be governed by the same rules as for the arc lights, and each series lamp provided with a hand switch and automatic cut-out switch; when lights are in multiple series, such switches and cut-outs must not control less than a single group of lights. Electro-magnetic devices for switches are not approved.

Under no circumstances will incandescent lamps on series circuits be allowed to be attached to gas fixtures.

CLASS C.-OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS. INCANDESCENT (LOW PRESSURE) SYSTEMS.—300 VOLTS OR LESS.

1. Must be provided with suitable protecting devices at the ends of tube or conduit service inside the walls of buildings, as a guard against moisture and injury.

2. Must be terminated at a properly placed double pole house cut-out. 3. Must be of specially insulated conductors after leaving the tube or conduit, and separated by at least ten inches, until the double pole cut-out is reached. Inside Wiring.

Wires should be so placed where practicable that in the event of the failure or deterioration of their insulating covering the conductors will still remain insulated.

At the entrance of every building there shall be a double pole switch placed in the service conductors, whereby the current may be entirely cut off.

Conductors.

1. Must not be of sizes smaller than No. 16 B. & S., No. 18 B. W. G., or No. 3 E. S. G.

2. Must not be paraffine covered.

3. Must not be covered with soft rubber tube.

4. Must not be laid in mouldings of any kind in damp places.

5. Must not be laid in mouldings with open grooves against the wall or ceiling.

6. Must not be laid in mouldings where less than half an inch of solid insulation is between parallel wires, and between wires and walls or ceilings.

7. Must not be laid in plaster, cement or similar finish, without an exterior metallic protection.

8. Mouldings, where admissible, must have at least two coatings of waterproof paint, to be impregnated with a moisture repellant.

Cleatwork.

1. Cleatwork is not desirable, and cleats must not be used unless in a very dry place.

2. Must not be used unless in a place perfectly open for inspection at any time.

8. Must not be used unless they are of porcelain, or well-seasoned wood, filled, to prevent absorption of moisture.

4. Must not be used unless they are so arranged that wires of opposite polarity, with a difference of potential of 150 volts or less, will be kept at least

Wherever conductors cross gas, water, or other metallic pipes, or any other conductors or conducting material (except arc light wires), they should be separated therefrom by some continuous non-conductor at least one inch. In crossing arc light wires the low tension conductors must be placed at a distance of at least six inches. In wet places an air space must be left between conductors and pipes in crossing, and the former must be run in such a way that they cannot come in contact with the pipe accidentally. Wires should be run over all pipes upon which condensed moisture is likely to gather, or which by leakage might cause trouble on a circuit.

In rooms where inflammable gases may exist, or where the atmosphere is damp, the incandescent lamp and socket should be enclosed in a vapor-tight globe. This is not to be understood to include rooms where illuminating gases are used in the ordinary manner.

In breweries, stables, dye-houses, paper and pulp mills or other buildings specially liable to moisture, all conductors, except where used for pendants: 1. Must be separated at least six inches.

2. Must be provided with a durable, moisture-proof covering.

8. Must be carefully put up.

4. Must be supported by porcelain or glass insulators.

Moisture-proof and non-inflammable tubing may be accepted in lieu of such construction.

No switches or fusible cut-outs will be allowed in such places.

1. Must not be combustible.

Interior Conduits.

2. Must not be of such material or construction that will be injured by plaster, cement, or other surrounding material, or that the insulation of the conductor will ultimately be injured or destroyed by the elements of its composition. 3. Must not be so constructed or placed that difficulty will be experienced in removing or replacing the conductors.

Must be continuous from one junction box to another or to fixtures, and of non-inflammable material, and of as substantial character as the existing gas and water pipes, in order to afford mechanical protection from injury by saws, chisels or nails.

Architects and builders should provide suitable wireways or openings in all buildings at the time of their construction, in which could be placed electric wires and conduits according to the requirements of the building.

Prior to the installation of the wires, powdered soapstone should be blown through the conduit tubes to facilitate the drawing in of the same.

4. Must not be depended upon for insulation. The conductors should be covered with moisture-proof material.

The object of a tube or conduit is to facilitate the insertion or extraction of the conductors, to protect them from mechanical injury and, as far as possible, from moisture.

Conductors passing through walls or ceilings must be encased in a suitable tubing, which must extend at least one inch beyond the finished surface until the mortar or other similar material, be entirely dry, when the projection may be reduced to half an inch.

Double Pole Safety Cut-Outs.

1. Must be placed where the overhead or underground conductors enter a building and join the inside wires.

2. Must be placed at every point where a change is made in the size of the wire (unless the cut-out in the larger wire will protect the smaller). This includes all flexible conductors. All such junctions must be in plain sight.

3. Must be constructed with bases of non-combustible and moisture-proof material.

4. Must be so constructed and placed that an arc cannot be maintained between the terminals by the fusing of the metal.

5. Must be so placed that on any combination fixture no group of lamps requiring a current of six amperes or more shall be ultimately dependent upon one cut-out. 6. Must be, wherever used for more than six amperes, or (where the plug or equivalent device is not used) equipped with fusible strips or wires, provided with contact surfaces or tips of harder material, soldered or otherwise, having perfect electrical connection with the fusible part of the strip.

Safety Fuses.

Safety fuses must be so proportioned to the conductors they are intended to protect that they will melt before the maximum safe carrying capacity of the wire is exceeded.

All fuses, where possible, must be stamped, or otherwise marked, with the number of amperes equal to the safe carrying capacity of the wire they protect. All cut-out blocks when installed must be similarly marked.

The safe carrying capacity of a wire changes under different circumstances, being about forty per cent. less when the wire is closed in a tube or piece of moulding than when bare and exposed to the air, when the heat is rapidly radiated. It must be clearly understood that the size of the fuse depends upon the size of the smallest conductor it protects, and not upon the amount of current to be used on the circuit. Below is a table showing the safe carrying capacity of conductors of different sizes in Birmingham, Brown & Sharpe and Edison gauges, which must be followed in the placing of interior conductors.

Switches.

1. Must be mounted on moisture-proof and incombustible bases, such as slate or porcelain.

2. Must be double pole when the circuits which they control are connected to the fixtures attached to gas pipes, and when six amperes or more are to pass through them.

3. Must have a firm and secure contact, must make and break readily, and not stick when motion has once been imparted by the handle.

4. Must have carrying capacity sufficient to prevent heating above the surrounding atmosphere.

5. Must be placed in dry accessible places and be grouped, as far as possible, being mounted, when practicable, upon slate or equally indestructible backboards.

Motors.

1. In wiring for motive power, the same precautions must be taken as with the current of the same volume and potential for lighting. The motor and resistance box must be protected by a double pole cut-out, and controlled by a double pole switch.

Arc Lights on Low Potential Circuits.

1. Must be supplied by branch conductors, not smaller than No. 12 B. & S. gauge.

2. Must be connected with main conductors only through double pole cut-outs. 3. Must be furnished only with such resistances or regulators as are enclosed in non-combustible material, such resistances being treated as sources of heat. 4. Must be supplied with globes protected as in the cases of arc lights on high potential circuits.

Fixture Work.

1. In all cases where conductors are concealed within, or attached to, fixtures, the latter must be insulated from the gas pipe system of the building by an insulating joint, the material of which shall not be affected by gas or changes of temperature.

2. When wired outside, the conductors must be so secured as not to be cut or abraded by the pressure of the fastenings or motion of the fixtures

3. All conductors for fixture work must have a waterproof insulation that is durable and not easily abraded, and must not in any case be smaller than No. 16 B. & S., No. 18 B. W. G., or No. 3 E. S. G.

4. All burrs or fins must be removed before the conductors are drawn into a fixture.

5. The tendency to condensation within the pipes must be guarded against by sealing the upper end of the fixture.

6. No combination fixture in which the conductors are concealed in a space less than one-fourth inch between the inside pipe and the outside casing will be approved.

7. Each fixture must be tested for possible "contacts" between conductors and fixture, and for "short-circuits" before the fixture is connected to its supply conductors.

8. The ceiling blocks of fixtures should be made of insulating material. Electric Gas Lighting.

Where electric gas lighting is to be used on the same fixture with the electric light.

1. No part of the gas piping or fixture shall be in electrical connection with the gas lighting circuit.

2. The wires used with the fixture must have a non-inflammable insulation, or, where concealed between the pipe and shell of the fixture, the insulation must be such as is required for fixture wiring for the electric light.

3. The whole installation must test free from "grounds."

4. The two installations must test perfectly free of connection with each other. Pendants and Sockets.

No portion of the lamp socket exposed to contact with outside objects must be allowed to come into electrical contact with either of the conductors.

Cord Pendants.

1. Must be made of conductors, each of which is composed of several strands insulated from the other conductor by a mechanical separator of carbonizable material, and both surrounded in damp places with a moisture-proof and a noninflammable layer.

2. Must be protected by insulating bushings where the cord enters the socket. 3. Must be so suspended that the entire weight of the socket and lamp will be borne by knots above the point where the cord comes through the ceiling block or rosette, in order that the strain may be taken from the joints and binding screws. All sockets used for wire or cord pendants should have openings at least equal to one-quarter inch gas-pipe size.

4. Must be allowed to sustain nothing heavier than a four-light cluster, and in such a case special provision should be made by an extra heavy cord or wire, as a mechanical reinforcement.

5. Must be equipped with keyless sockets, as far as practicable, controlled by wall switches. In no case may a lamp giving more than fifty candle-power be placed in a key socket on a flexible pendant.

Electrical Heating and Cooking.

In general the same precautions should be taken in the installation and operation of electric heating and cooking appliances as are applicable to circuits for electric light and power.

The practice of attaching heating and cooking appliances to lamp sockets is to be deprecated. Proper circuits must be provided, fully protected by double pole safety fuses and switches, and the appliances themselves should be kept from contact with inflammable materials.

Flexible cords should be used with strands separately covered with noninflammable insulation, and both wires or strands covered with a waterproofing, and that by a braiding, and especial care should be taken to make proper connections on all appliances, and each should be plainly marked with the maximum volts and amperes they will safely carry.

CLASS D.-ALTERNATING SYSTEMS. CONVERTERS OR TRANSFORMERS.

Converters.

1. Must not be placed inside of any building, except the Central Station, unless as hereinafter provided.

2. Must not be placed in any but metallic or non-combustible cases, which cases should be connected to earth.

3. Must not be attached to the outside walls of buildings unless separated therefrom by substantial insulating supports.

4. Must not be placed in any other than a dry and convenient location (which can be secured from opening into the interior of the building, such as a vault), when an underground service is used.

5. Must not be placed without safety fuses at the junction between main and service conductors, and safety fuses in the secondary circuits where they will not be affected by the heat of the converter.

Primary Conductors.

In those cases where it may not be possible to exclude the transformers and primary wires entirely from the building, the following precautions must be strictly observed:

1. The transformer must be located at a point as near as possible to that at which the primary wires enter the building.

The primary lead of a transformer should be heavily insulated with the highest class insulation, such as vulcanized pure india-rubber of the best quality, preferably covered with a high class outer covering, and such leads should have a minimum length of eighteen inches.

2. Between these points the conductors must be heavily insulated with a coating of moisture-proof material, and in addition must be so covered and protected that mechanical injury to them or contact with them shall be practically impossible.

3. The primary conductors, if within a building, must be furnished with a double pole switch, and also with a double pole cut-out where the wires enter the building, or where they leave the main line on the pole or in the conduit. These switches should, if possible, be enclosed in secure and fire-proof boxes outside the building.

4. The primary conductors, when inside a building, must be kept apart at least ten inches, and at the same distance from all other conducting bodies.

Secondary Conductors.

The conductors from the secondary coil of the transformer to the lamps, or other translating devices, must be installed according to the rules for "Inside Wiring" for "Low Potential Systems."

CLASS E.-ELECTRIC RAILWAYS.

Power Stations,

All rules pertaining to arc light wires and stations shall apply (so far as practicable) to street railway power stations and their conductors.

Railway Systems with Ground Return.

Electric Railway systems in which the motor cars are driven by a current from a single wire, with ground or floor return circuit, are prohibited, except as hereinafter provided:

1. When there is no liability of other conductors coming in contact with the trolley wire,

2. When the location of the generator is such that the ground circuit will not create a fire hazard to the property.

3. When an approved automatic circuit breaker, or other device that will immediately cut off the current in case the trolley wires become grounded, is introduced in each circuit as it leaves the power station. This device must be mounted on a fire-proof base, and be in full view of the attendant.

Trolley Wires.

1. Must be no smaller than No. 0 B. & S. copper, or No. 4 B. & S. silicon bronze, and must readily stand the strain put upon them when in use.

2. Must be well insulated from their supports, and in case of the side or double pole construction, the supports shall also be insulated from the poles immediately outside the trolley wire.

3. Must be capable of being disconnected at the power house, or of being divided into sections, so that, in case of fire on the railway route, the current may be shut off from the particular section and not interfere with the work of the firemen in extinguishing the flames. This rule also applies to feeders.

4. Must be safely protected against contact with all other conductors. Car Wiring.

All wires in cars must be run out of reach of the passengers, and shall be insulated with a waterproof insulation.

Lighting and Railway Power Wires.

Lighting and power wires must not be permitted in the same circuit with trolley wires with a ground return, except in street railway cars, car houses and power stations. The same dynamo may be used for both purposes, provided the connection from the dynamo for each circuit shall be a double pole switch so arranged that only one of the circuits can be in use at the same time.

Any electric railroad employing a ground return shall under no circumstances take its circuits into any build ng for light, power or other purposes, save in the case of the power and car-houses of the company.

Where light or power is supplied from the railway circuits employing a ground return for use in the power house or car house of the company, only the highest class of approved insulated wire must be used, the same to be supported on insulators and readily accessible at all times. Inflammable mouldings or casing concealing the wires must not be used.

CLASS F.-BATTERIES.

Primary or Secondary Batteries.

Secondary batteries or accumulators should be placed in a light and wellventilated place, preferably upon racks, and thoroughly well insulated.

Frequent examinations should be made of the connections and the specific gravity of the solution.

When current for light and power is taken from primary or secondary batteries, the same general regulations must be observed as apply to such wires fed from dynamo generators developing the same difference of potential.

⚫ CLASS G.-MISCELLANEOUS.

1. The wiring in any building must test free from "grounds" before the current is turned on. This test may be made with a magneto-bell that will ring through a resistance of 20,000 ohms where currents of less than 250 volts are used. 2. No ground wires for any purpose may be attached to gas pipes within the building.

3. All conductors connecting with telephone, district messenger, burglar alarm, watch clock, electric time and other similar instruments, must, if in any portion of their length they are liable to become crossed with circuits carrying current for light or power, be provided near the point of entrance to the building with some protective device which will operate to shunt the instruments in case of a dangerous rise of potential, and will open the circuit and arrest an abnormal current flow. Any conductor normally forming an innocuous circuit may become a source of fire hazard if crossed with another conductor through which it may become charged with a relatively high pressure.

Wm. J. Hammer, Chairman; Wm. Brophy, James I. Ayer, A. M. Young, H. J. Smith, Committee reporting to 17th Convention.

M. D. Law, Chairman; Jas. I. Ayer, Wm. Brophy, Wm. J. Hammer, A. M. Young, Committee reporting to 16th Convention.

M. D. Law, Chairman; Wm. Brophy, Jas. I. Ayer, Wm. J. Hammer, A. M. Young, Committee reporting to 15th Convention.

A. J. De Camp, Chairman; M. D. Law, S. E. Barton, Wm. Brophy, T. Carpenter Smith, Committee reporting to 14th Convention.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA.

MR. MORGAN BROOKS, president and general manager of the Electrical Engineering Co. of Minneapolis, Minn., delivered a lecture recently before the professors and students of the Engineering Department of the University of Minnesota, on the Telephone, showing its development from smallest beginnings to its present perfection. The lecture was an able and interesting one.

BALTIMORE, MD.:-E. E. Ries; P. H. Alexander; H. Kent McLay; C. R. Young; Hugh Pattison; C. Edwards: J. Frank Morrison; H. A. Rowland; L. Duncan; S. Reber; D. E. Evans; P. Kielholtz; W. F. Banfield; S. Childs; G. E. Cox; W. C. Darrell; C. R. Durling; E. B. Gawthrop; C. C. Hughes; G. R. Holmes; A. B. James; F. H. Kaox; C. E. Phelps; C. P. Poole; John Powell; A. L. Reese; F. Thomas; F. Del Torre; W. W. Donaldson; Mr. Smith.

BATTLE CREEK, MD.:-J. B. Foote; J. R. Galloway.
BEVERLY, MASS.:-Louis McLaughlin.

BOSTON, MASS.:-F. W. Brigham; Capt. Wm. Brophy; David J. Cartwright; Isaac Davis; H. P. Hall; C. I. Hills; W. S. Hill; A. L. Holden; J. H. Mason; J. M. Orford; J. L. Lucas; D. R. Urquhart; Geo. H. Poor; C. B. Price: E. A. Record; A. C. Shaw.

BROOKLYN, N. Y.-W. S. Barstow; T. E. Crossman; J. Ferguson; E. F. Peck; L. K. McLaughlin.

BUFFALO, N. Y.:-J. J. Flavin; J. F. Kester; C. R. Huntley; F. P. Little; F. H. Williams.

CAMDEN, N. J.:-Hon. E. A. Armstrong; J. J. Burleigh; John W. Lyell; W. E. Harrington; J. R. Williams.

CINCINNATI, O.:-J. A. Cabot; C. E. Jones; E. A. Sarran.

CEDAR RAPIDS, IA.:-W. J. Greene.

CHAMPAIGN, ILL.:-B. F. Harris.

CHICAGO ILL:-Edw. Caldwell; George G. Carter; Ernest L. Clark; W. F. Collins; L. K. Comstock; E. A. Cummings; Fred. DeLand; W. J. Ferris; J. H. Gates; C. E. Gregory; A. W. Harvey; P. H. Hoover; Samuel Insull; F. S. Kenfield; H. S. Manning; Geo. A. McKinlock; J. B. O'Hara; F. L. Perry; E. L. Powers; G. L. Reiman; J. H. Shay; M. J. Sullivan: B. E. Sunny; Edward Stockwell; F. S. Terry; F. Todd; C. H. Wilson; C. H. Wilmerding; M. M. Wood.

CLEVELAND, OHIO:-G. R. Lease; G. M. Hoag; E. B. Merriam; W. Wason.
CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO:-E. L. Babcock; C. A. Babcock.
DETROIT, MICH.:-Hon. E. F. Phillips.

EAU CLAIRE, Wis.:-G. B. Shaw.

ELIZABETH, N. J.:-E. H. Bennett, Jr.

EVANSVILLE, IND.:-C. P. White.

FITCHBURG, MASS.:-A. H. Kimball,

FREDERICK, MD.:-A. L. Bosley.
HALIFAX, N. S.:-C. A. Starr.
HARRISBURG, PA.:-W. E. Groff.

HARRISON, N. J.:-A. D. Page; W. S Howell.

HARTFORD, CONN.:-J. J. Gates; C. T. Hills; C. E. Newton; Alfred H. Pease; C. L. Tolles.

HAZLETON, PA.:-A. Markle.

JACKSON, MICH.:-W. A. Foote.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.:-E. R. Weeks.

LYNN, MASS.:-S. F. Pritchard.

LITTLE ROCK, ARK.:-J. A. Van Etten.

MANCHESTER, CONN.:-T. C. Perkins.

MEMPHIS, TENN.:-W. W. Carnes.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.:-A. M. Robertson.

MONTGOMERY, ALA :-A. E. Worswick.

NASHVILLE, TENN.:-G. T. Brown.

NEWARK, N. J :-R. O. Heinrich; C. O. Baker, Jr.; R. B. Cissel; C. H. McIntire; F. N. Crane; E. Weston.

NEW BRITAIN, CONN.:-T, H. Brady, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.:-A. J. Jones. NEWTON, MASS.:-Waldo A. Learned.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.:-C. T. Hague.

NEW YORK:-H. C. Adams; L. R. Alberger; E. P. Atkinson; R. H. Beach; T. Beran; Wm. Bracken; Capt. W. L. Candee; Louis Cassier; S. H. Chase; Frank H. Clark; S. L Coles; F. R. Colvin; R. B. Corey; G. H. Coulthurst; W. F. D. Crane; Chas. Cuttriss; H. M. Davis; Frank De Ronde; Chas. D. Doubleday; C. T. Eshburn; H. A. Foster; Henry W. Frye; N. W. Gage; Gen. E. S. Greeley; B. E. Greene; S. D. Greene; J. P. Hall; Newton Hall; W. J. Hammer; W. T. Hunt; H. G. Issertel; G. J. Jackson; W. J. Johnston: E S. Keefer; A. H. Kimball; A. A. Knudson; H. Ward Leonard: C A. Learned; F. H. Leonard; Romaine Mace; F. A. Magee; Geo. T. Manson; T. C. Martin; G. G. McDuff; J. McGhie; P. L McLaren; P. W. Mitchell; George T. Moore; T. J. Murphy; W. J. Newton; W. F. Osborne; F. B. Parsons; A. H. Patterson; J. C. Pierrez; G. M. Phelps; H. W. Pool; Geo. F. Porter; Chas. W. Price; C. Ransom; H. D. Reed; H. T. Richards; F. A. Scheffler; A. L. Searles; J. A. Seely; E. W. Seymour; C. D. Shain; R. L. Shainwald; Chas. A. Schieren, Jr.; H. L. Shippey; H. J. Smith: J. E. Smith; Louis Stirn; Robt. Stewart; G. R. Stetson; L. Stieringer; C. E. Stump; H. M. Swetland; F. Taylor; F. B. Thilow: D. Thomson; J. H. Vail; J. Van Vleck; C. S. Van Nuis; C. T. Waugh; W. D. Weaver; B. R. Western; Jos. Wetzler; S. S. Wheeler; G. L. Wiley; F. H. Wilkins; E. E. Wood; Jos. Wright; G. Kirkegaard; J. Elliott Smith; W. F. Hanks; L. B. Marks; H. L. Lufkin; Louis E. Howard; C. J. Field; Prof. George Forbes; S. A. Douglass.

NORTHEAST, PA.:-John R. Coffman.

NORFOLK, VA.:-Jas. L. Belote; W. W. Chamberlain.

OGDENSBURG, N. Y.-J. H. Findley.

OLEAN, N. Y.:- George Tobes.

PATERSON, N. J.:-Wm. M. Brock; J. Noonan.

PARKERSBURG, W. Va.:-C. C. Martin.

PHILADELPHIA:-W. Annear; J. Appleton; Sanford Belyen; C. E. Bibber; J. G. Biddle; C. A. Bragg; H. J. Buddy: Henry Clay; H. A. Cleverly; H. B. Cutter; F. W. Darlington; A. J. De Camp; F. R. Ford; J. C. Gardiner; Felix Haac; J. S. Hinds; H. G. Kellogg, Jr.; J. R. Lovejoy; A. H. Manwaring; A. J. Martin; J. McLeer; J. A. Pentz; Eugene Richter; P. G. Salom; T. Carpenter Smith; N. D. Webster; J. R. Williams; E. W. wilkins; E. T. Wilkinson; E. G. Willyoung; W. B. Wood; Peter Wright: G. A. Vallee; Thos. Spencer; R. B. Smith; James Garnett; G. H. Fisher; W. S. Andrews.

PITTSBURGH, PA.:-0. H. Baldwin; G. H. Blaxter: J. S. Crider; A. Groetzinger: Ernest H. Heinrichs; J. W. Marsh: M. Mead; C. Townley; C. F. Scott; L. B. Stillwell; N. A. Vandervort; A. J. Wurts; F. H. Tooker.

PORTLAND, ME.:-Geo. W. Brown. PROVIDENCE, R. I.:-M. J. Perry.

RAVENNA, OHIO:-C. L. Rodman.

RICHMOND, VA.:-Thos. W. Brander; Maurice Hunter; Maurice W. Thomas. ROCHESTER, N. Y.:-F. M. Hawkins; Geo. A. Redman; C. F. Burns.

ROCKFORD, ILL.:-M. A. Beal.

RUTLAND, VT.:-M. J. Francisco.

SALEM, O.:-Joel Sharp; D. L. Davis; G. A. Barnard.

SAVANNAH, GA.:-T. P. Keck.

SCHENECTADY, N. Y.:-A. B. Herrick.

SPRINGFIELD, Mo.:-W. H. Fellows.

STEUBENVILLE, OHIO:-Joseph Gwynn.

ST. LOUIS, MO.:-J. I. Ayer; Louis Nahm; J. H. Rhotehamel.
SWISSVALE, VA.:-C. F. Ellis.

SYRACUSE, N. Y.-H. J. Gorke; J. L. Hinds; W. J. Morrison; A. P. Seymour.
TAUNTON. MASS.:-O. L. Mitchell.

TOLEDO, O.:-C. R. Faber, Jr.

TORONTO, ONT.:-Frederick Nicholls.

TRENTON, N. J.-J. T. Ridgeway.

VINELAND, N. J:-Prof. W. A. Anthony.

WARREN, O.:-B. B. Downs; W. D. Packard.

WASHINGTON, D. C.:-C. H. Bowen; F. G. Bolles; Geo. S. Boudinot; A. W. Clapp; Prof. O. Dodge; Hon. A. C. Durborow, Jr.; Allen R. Foote; M. D. Law; Geo. C. Maynard; Robert Watson; A. Young; J. R. Ash; J. Burkett; C. F. Chrisholm; F. H. Clarke; G. G. Dennison; S. Q. Hayes; J. D. McIntire; Prof. Mendenhall; F. D. Neale; Chas. Pardoe; Wilmot Lake.

WATERBURY, CONN.:-Alden M, Young.

WEST CHESTER, PA.:-J. E. Pyle.

WHEELING, W. Va.-E. Buchman; H. H. Dunlevy; E. M. Holliday.
WILKINSBURGH, PA.:-John J. Jennings.

WILMINGTON, DEL.:--C. R. Van Trump; F. D. Sweeter; W. Shaw.
WORCESTER, MASS.:-H. H. Fairbanks.

YOUNGSTOWN, O.:-R. P. Holmes.

The following ladies were in attendance:

Mrs. W. A. Anthony; Miss E. W. Armstrong; Mrs. C. O. Baker, Jr.; Mrs. C. E. Bibber; Mrs. C. A. Bragg; Mrs. J. J. Burleigh; Mrs. Willard A. Candee; Miss Candee: Mrs. Louis Cassier: Mrs. H. E. Cooke; Mrs. Wm. Cooney; Miss Cumming: Mrs. A. J. De Camp; Miss DeCamp; Mrs. L. A. Doud; Mrs. H. A. Foster; Mrs. James Ferguson: Mrs. M. J. Francisco; Mrs. W. J. Hammer; Mrs. H. G. Issertel; Mrs. W. J. Johnston; Miss Johnston; Mrs. Romaine Mace; Mrs. Geo. T. Manson; Mrs. A. H. Manwaring; Mrs. G. A. McKinlock; Mrs. Orford; Miss Morris; Mrs. J. Noonan; Mrs. A. H. Paterson; Mrs. E. F. Peck; Miss Essie Read; Mrs. E. W. Seymour; Mrs. R. L. Shainwald; Miss Bessie Shütte; Mrs. H. J. Smith; Mrs. M. J. Sullivan; Mrs. F. D. Sweeter: Mrs. H. M. Swetland; Mrs. Schuyler S. Wheeler; Mrs. J. Wright; Miss Vail; Mrs. G. A. Vallee.

TUESDAY MORNING SESSION.

PRESIDENT ARMSTRONG, of Camden, in calling the convention to order and welcoming the members, said he might be counted remiss did he fail to congratulate them specifically as well as generally. The past year had been a very trying one on electrical enterprises. As they were among the settled businesses of the country, the newest and therefore the most elastic, they had felt the financial stringency worse than many others, but they had not been without cheer and encouragement during it all. Figures from the most reliable sources, show that there are now upward of 2,300 central stations in this country, representing at least two hundred millions of capital. Involved in electrical manufactures and supplies of various kinds, are as many millions more; this employing as it naturally does hundreds of thousands of men, supporting hundreds of thousands of homes, adding to the material wealth, prosperity and happiness of our people, made them, as representatives, trustees of a great and responsible trust. There had been a tendency in the last few months, however, toward a revival, largely instigated, he thought, by the representatives of our large manufacturing corporations, of the agitation of municipal ownership of electrical light plants. He sincerely believed that to be a bad policy for the city, as he had always maintained. He believed it to be a worse policy for the manufacturing concerns that advocate it. But no city could ever afford to do an unfair thing. Municipal ownership had been somewhat more earnestly revived in his section of late, than it had been for many years, and he read an editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger, upon this question, advocating careful consideration, and fairness to existing companies by municipalities. He strongly advocated concerted action in cases of this kind. Financially the association was in admirable condition; its debts all paid and money in the treasury.

A letter of regret was read from Col. Thurber, Secretary to President Cleveland, stating that owing to the absence of the President from the city, it would not be possible for him to meet the delegates. Mrs. Cleveland also regretted her inability to meet the ladies accompanying the gentlemen in attendance upon the convention.

Mr. E. J. Hall, Vice-President and General Manager, tendered the delegates the use of a Long Distance telephone which had been specially put in on the ground floor of the Ebbitt House, by the Long Distance Telephone Company. President Stevenson, of the Metropolitan Railroad Company, of Washington, issued complimentary tickets good on the cars of his company, to those in attendance at the convention. The Cosmos Club, of Washington, extended the courtesies of its club-house to the delegates. On motion, a vote of thanks was tendered for the above courtesies.

Letters of regret at their inability to be present were read from the following gentlemen: Thomas A. Edison; George Westinghouse, Jr.; Nikola Tesla ; Chas. A. Coffin; Thos. D. Lockwood; Prof. E. L. Nichols, of Ithaca; Prof. Henry T. Bovey, of Montreal; Gen. Charles L. Knapp, of Montreal; Elihu Thomson, Lynn, Mass.

THE PRESIDENT announced the next order of business to be the

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION.

MR. C. H. WILMERDING, Chairman, of Chicago, regretted that his Committee had no formal report to make. Since his appointment as Chairman of the Committee no important information had reached them in regard to legislation affecting electric light interests, although there has been a great deal of that sort of legislation threatened.

MR. W. J. MORRISON, of Syracuse, said he was informed that there was a bill now pending before the Legislature of the State of New York authorizing the Board of Water Commissioners of any incorporated village in that State, having a water works system belonging to the village, to establish a lighting system within said village for the purpose of supplying light, by means of gas, electricity or other approved system, to the inhabitants of said village. It was a matter, he thought, which deserved the attention of the Association in some form.

MR. HUNTLEY and MR. DE CAMP thought the Committee ought to be discharged as being too large, and a smaller one appointed. MR. CLAY, of Philadelphia, suggested that the Association employ a competent person to compile the electric legislation of the several States.

MR. SAMUEL INSULL, of Chicago, thought the functions that should be performed by the Committee on Legislation should rather be that of preventing legislation detrimental to the members, than compiling legislation that was past.

MR. STETSON, of New Bedford, Mass., said that in his state they employ a competent attorney who watches the proceedings all the time.

On motion the resolution of Mr. Clay was referred to the Executive Committee, to report thereon.

THE PRESIDENT announced the next report in order to be that of the Committee on Finance. MR. JOHN A. SEELY, the chairman, read the report, which showed the finances to be in satisfactory condition. On motion the report was accepted and ordered to be filed,

The next order of business announced was the Report of the Committee on Relation between Manufacturing and Central Station Companies, Mr. Frederick Nicholls, of Toronto, Chairman. The report was postponed to be discussed in executive session. THE PRESIDENT then introduced Dr. Richard J. Gatling, the inventor of the Gatling gun, who addressed the Convention briefly.

MR. W. J. HAMMER referred to the high rates of postage on society publications and suggested that the National Electric Light Association appoint a committee to present a protest in this matter. THE PRESIDENT appointed Messrs. Adams, Young and Gwinn such a committee.

TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION.

THE PRESIDENT called the meeting to order at 2.30 p. m.

MR. M. J. FRANCISCO moved that Vice-President A. E. Stevenson be invited to attend the sessions and that a committee be appointed to notify him. THE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. Francisco and the members of the Reception Committee, as such committee, to include Messrs. Baker and Seely.

The President announced the first business of the afternoon session to be the REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON DATA,' which was read by MR. H. M. SWETLAND, of New York, Chairman.

MR. SWETLAND added that the did not secure reports from the best stations, and that the average might have been lowered materially. He also pointed out that of two thousand inquiries sent out they received replies from something like eight hundred, and less than one hundred suitable for their purpose. This report seemed to develop one idea, and that is, the necessity of more accurate records in central stations.

MR. BURLEIGH thought seven pounds of coal per horse power hour far from a fair average. MR. NICHOLLS thought the result of the collection of this data went to show that electric light plants must be singularly inefficient.

MR. J. H. VAIL, of New York, believed that in order that a report of this kind should be fully understood, it should give a classification of the equipments, and of the quantity of the coal. The 88.4 watt-hours per pound of coal equalled about seven pounds of coal per h. p. per hour. He knew of a large number of stations, probably a hundred, running about on that basis, and fifty other stations which were producing a horse power hour for four pounds of coal, and had been doing it for several years. Other stations of recent construction were producing a horse power hour for an average of two pounds of coal.

MR. T. CARPENTER SMITH as the result of his experience believed that any station using ordinary engines non-condensing, non-compound and doing it on seven pounds of coal per horse power hour, including banking and perhaps running on an economical load six or seven hours in the evening was doing very well. The report gave the average. The majority of these stations could be very much improved with a little extra care. He thought a great many of the members did not reply to the circular, with the idea that it was giving away their business. The Committee wanted it clearly understood that nothing of that kind was involved. The returns are tabulated and then buried.

MR. VAN TRUMP, of Wilmington, Del,, believed that with a station that is burning three pounds of coal per indicated horse power per hour, it was impossible to get 201 watts on the line. He did not think any central station engineer who is running on three pounds of coal could get more than 186 watts out on his line, from which these results are tabulated. MR. SWETLAND agreed that the 90 per cent. of efficiency in the dynamo meant directly at the machine; and no loss by resistance in the wire on the circuit was taken into consideration.

THE PRESIDENT called for the REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGROUND CONDUITS AND CONDUCTORS. None having been prepared the committee was discharged.

THE PRESIDENT announced the next order of business to be the REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON RULES FOR SAFE WIRING. Copies of the report of the Committee were distributed but the discussion was postponed until Thursday morning.

MR. W. E. HARRINGTON then read a paper on FAULTS INCIDENT TO THE PROTECTION OF LIGHTING AND POWER CIRCUITS.3 MR. WHITE, of Evansville, Ill., in answer to questions stated that he had used magnetic cut-outs inside his station on a 2,000 volt 25 ampere alternating circuit for three years.

MR. W. J. HAMMER described the Cunningham mercury cup magnetic cut-out used by Swinburn in his high tension experi

ments.

MR. ROBERTSON, of Minneapolis, had had considerable trouble with fuse wires on his alternating circuits but since the introduction of magnetic cut-outs he had had no trouble. He had been looking for a device in the nature of a magnetic cut-out which would do away with fuses. He found it at last and had been using a magnetic cut-out on his five hundred volt power circuit and it had never failed to act in time to save a machine. MR. WHITE had found it a most efficient protection against

1. See page 200. 2. See page 201. 3. See page 199.

(Continued on page 208.)

THE

CONVENTION THEMES.

F doubts have existed as to the continued interest

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Light Association they will be dispelled by the record of the meeting which we print in this issue. The most marked indication of this increasing interest is to be found in the lively discussions, and indeed, though not lacking in good papers, the Washington Convention may be said to have been pre-eminently marked by its varied and excellent discussions. Without exception the topics and papers were of an eminently practical nature and reflect great credit on Secretary Porter to whose efforts in this respect the success of the Convention was largely due.

Of the Reports, that of the Committee on Data ought to be closely studied by every station manager. While the average figure of fuel consumption in central stations, namely 7 pounds of coal per horse power hour, is based on but a small fraction of the whole number of stations in actual operation it is sufficient to indicate that there is much improvement possible in that all-important source of expense. The reports from numerous stations show what may be done in this direction, and while engineers have not yet arrived at the best figures attained in marine engine practice, they are gradually approaching the 24 lb. limit. The Committee on Rules on Safe Wiring submitted a set of Standard Rules which will it is hoped bring order out of the somewhat chaotic state that has existed for some time owing to the conflicting rules issued by plagiarizing boards of fire underwriters in different sections of the country. The rules adopted if conscientiously carried out will leave the insurance men little basis for the repeatedly threatened increase in rates on buildings lit by electricity. That the Association's work and influence is extending is shown by the very proper reference in the new rules to electric railway construction, more particularly to those systems embodying a ground return. Perhaps the most far-reaching in its effects is that referring to the non-admission of elec trie railway circuits for any purpose whatever to buildings other than the power and car houses of railway companies. While the rule is eminently a proper one from the standpoint of safety siene, for which it is primarily intended, its effects go beyond and strike at a practice which ought, as a geners thing, to be securaged, and that is, the furnishing of "ight and power to private consumers by electric railway companies. Hippy this class of work has not yet become general, but with the m'e above mentioned enforced, it will, we hope, put an end to a business to which electric raway companies are not entitled and which, in their own 'n rests they might to avoid.

As might have been expeenisi, the members of the Associaden won the, ii? r M». "unt,ey's report of the sults obtained by im vita a creuit of ifty the Howari levice for bri amps Tel with M». Pindley's port inlonging the 'le of the 924 11. forematcy in not me le man" De rng members the Wet *ONE AL operation which a vore so in ions to learn. but the 30. ll's mainei beenspieresi to be 1རྫས 3k བ ཀཽ རྒྱ བ 5 ནོར H the device.

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