as well as fitting, that He should prove Himself to be "God manifest in the flesh," by doing works which were appropriate to that lofty character; not granting mere signs of unmeaning wonder to gratify an idle curiosity, but forcing men to ask, as He "manifested forth His glory," "What wisdom is this which is given unto Him, that even such mighty works are wrought by His hands?" and to exclaim when they felt the shock of nature following on His death, "Truly this man was the Son of God." I have left untouched some very important subjects embraced in these Lectures, especially in the three which deal with the influence of the imagination on belief, with testimony, and with false miracles. But enough has been said to indicate the general outline of Mr. Mozley's reasoning. The book cannot fail to tell weightily in the long run, though it is possible that its progress may be somewhat slow. To persons unfamiliar with the subject it may seem deficient in animation and warmth. There is great brightness and beauty, however, in many of the images, in which the author condenses the issues of his arguments. And many passages are marked by that peculiar kind of eloquence which comes with the force of close and vigorous thinking; passages which shine like steel through their very temper, and which are instinct with a controlled energy, that melts away all ruggedness of language. There can be no question that, in the deeper qualities of a scientific theology, the book is thoroughly worthy of the high reputation which had been gained by Mr. Mozley's previous writings. J. HANNAH. VOL. II. Y MR. KEBLE AND THE "CHRISTIAN YEAR." IF The Christian Year. Eightieth Edition. Oxford: Parker. 1860. Lyra Innocentium. Eighth Edition. Oxford: Parker. 1860. Hooker's Works. A New Edition. By the Rev. JOHN KEBLE. Oxford. The Life of Thomas Wilson, D.D., Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man. By the Rev. JOHN KEBLE. Oxford. 1863. we may judge by the unexampled diffusion of the "Christian. Year" among the more thoughtful class of readers, there must have been many to whom the announcement of the death of one whose name had long been a household word in their ears, will have caused that "strange thrill of pain not unmixed with pleasure," which the biographer of the wisest of the heathen describes as the natural feeling on the close of a good man's life. Few men have done the task which was given them to do more thoroughly than Mr. Keble, or have more completely, though no doubt unconsciously, realized the ideal at which he aimed: and though our first thought may be one of sadness that— "The silver trumpet's sound is still, yet it is in all ways more consonant to the life and death of such a man to feel, that "when he had served his generation, he fell on sleep," and that he, if any man, may surely be believed to have entered on his rest," and his works "follow him." In any ordinary case, we should take some shame to ourselves for beginning our paper in what would be usually a tone of very inappro priate solemnity; but in speaking of a man whose peculiar gifts were such transparent simplicity and holiness of character, we are inclined at first to deprecate the function of a critic, and to give free expression to the higher feelings of admiration and gratitude. The difficulty of criticism is moreover increased in a case where these inner gifts coloured the whole man as well as the whole character of his writings; so that, as Sir John Coleridge very naturally remarks, in the touching sketch which he has given us of his friend, we can scarcely feel even his poetry to be a proper subject for literary criticism, and neither the time nor the materials are ready for a full estimate of his life. Still, on the other hand, there would be something almost unbecoming in passing over without notice the life of a man who has occupied a place almost unique in the Church of England, and one to which his own modesty gave a more than double dignity,-co ipso prafulgebat quia non visebatur. And when we consider not merely the debt which a country owes to its poets, and the manner in which he has called forth and directed the best feelings of his age, but also the fact that he has been long looked up to as a kind of presiding genius over one of the most powerful movements which the Church of England has ever known, we venture to hope we may be justified, in anticipation of a worthier record, in setting before our readers a brief and imperfect estimate of his writings, and of the part, in many respects peculiar, which he was called to play among various and at times dissimilar companions. Mr. Keble's life, like that of so many poets, may indeed appear at first sight to have been singularly uneventful. But it was not so in reality. The great author of the "Apologia," in words which we shall presently quote more fully, has spoken of him in terms which show that unconsciously he exercised a constant influence over those who themselves more directly influenced others; while there is a great interest, at the very outset, in the fact that he bore a part in two great movements of the English mind (though he was no doubt far more closely connected with one than with the other), each of which arose in the University which he so dearly loved, and which, though apparently dissimilar, had in reality many great thoughts in common, so that the one was the very natural precursor of the other; we allude, of course, to what are called the "Oriel school," and the "Tractarian party." He began life as the cherished friend of Arnold and the companion of Whately; he ended it as in a closer sense the fellowlabourer of Dr. Pusey-we would gladly add Dr. Newman. himself, however, born and bred, what he continued to be through life, a devoted English Churchman. His father was rector of Coln St. Aldwyn, in Gloucestershire, but resided, after the manner of the last century, some three miles from his living, at Fairford, where John Keble, his second child, was born in 1792; and he must have been a man of no common power, for he not only gave his son an early training which sent him a promising scholar to Corpus at fourteen, and helped him to attain at eighteen a success which we believe has never since been equalled for its precocious ability, but he inspired him with a profound filial veneration, which, as we have heard one of his greatest contemporaries half regretfully remark, almost prevented him from ever allowing himself to question any principle or opinion of his early teaching. At the age of nineteen he gained what was then the Blue Ribbon of the University, an Oriel Fellowship, and came in contact with the set of men to whom we have just referred, who may be called the literary, if not the theological, parents of modern Oxford, and who will be long remembered as the second founders of her intellectual life: "they were the first who ever burst into that frozen sea" which seemed to have closed in upon the University for the greater part of the eighteenth century. The young Keble added to his distinctions by obtaining in the next year both the Latin and English essays (Dr. Milman, we believe, is the only person who has ever carried off all the four); he was made Examiner in the schools at a time when his modesty must have been severely tried by plucking many who were his seniors; in a word, he was marked as one who could scarcely have avoided having greatness thrust upon him, if he had not been more than insensible to "that last infirmity of noble minds." This unworldly humility was undoubtedly in Mr. Keble κόσμος τῶν ἀρέτων; and though we are not indisposed to say a good word for that wish "to do some noble deed before we die," which inspires men "to scorn delights and live laborious days;" though something of such high ambition is traceable in the energy of Mr. Keble's greatest fellow-workers, we willingly acknowledge that there is a beauty in the unambitious character higher than in any other, where it is really an example (in his own words) of "a soul that seems to dwell above this earth." It may not be out of place here to allude to that curious stagnation of Oxford for most of the last century which was perhaps due to the lingering Jacobitism which Hearne the antiquary has amusingly described, and which was far from extinct in Keble's earlier days. Nothing can be scantier than the "Memorials of Oxford" in the last part of the eighteenth century. There were indeed the now forgotten works of Dr. Humphry Hody, a man of real learning, and an honour to Wadham; later there were Wharton's books; and far greater, there were Lowth's "Prelections;" but these were mostly for the earlier period, and of the last fifty years of the century it may certainly be said, "Ad nos vix tenuis famæ perlabitur aura." Towards the end, indeed, Elmsley was beginning to redeem its character for scholarship, but it produced no single name in theology or general literature, and even of its preachers we have often searched in vain for any record. The functions of University Preacher seem indeed to have been chiefly delegated to what were called "hacks," one of whom earned a great reputation by a sermon addressed to the country gentlemen and clergy, on the subject of "Abraham regarded as a country gentleman;" while another's renown is still kept alive by an attack, not the last of its kind, on German theology, which concluded with a wish that "all the German books were at the bottom of the German Ocean." This spirit was not quite extinct in later days, and many will remember a famous sermon on the study of Greek, which declared that the proof of Christianity would have been incomplete if" the adversative force of the particle aλλà had not been happily balanced by the intensitive force of the particle ye," and which (according to the undergraduate version of it), summed up by an account of the glories of the Greek tongue, "certainly in this world, and not improbably in the next." Dr. Newman's amusing account of Dr. Whately's practical joke in inviting him to dine with all the "two bottle orthodox," may help us to fill up the picture of a now extinct Oxford generation. University life at the end of the last century was something like the clerical life which Miss Austin describes in some of her novels-the easy-going, "good old days of George the Third," which "Adam Bede" and "Silas Marner" so exactly reproduce. This old régime was beginning slowly and reluctantly to break up when "the Oriel school"-which entirely owed its origin to the fact that Oriel was the only college with open Fellowships, and thus drew into one focus nearly all the life and fire of the University,-naturally became the head of the movement, made Oxford once more famous, and gave a reality to the old adage, "Cum pugnant Oxonienses, volat ira per Angligenenses." One of its first trials of arms was in the encounter of its two leading tutors, Copleston and Davison, with the Edinburgh Review; and the same men were already active in theological speculations, though Davison's "Prophecy," and his famous pamphlet on "Sacrifice and Atonement," which spread terror through the Evangelical party, were published much later. Its chief members were Copleston, Davison, Whately, Hawkins, Keble, Arnold-for Dr. Pusey and Dr. Newman and Mr. Hurrell Froude, the last a great but somewhat eccentric genius, had not yet appeared; and academically the first five or six of these men were certainly remarkable for having showed, what has never been done since, nor probably will be again, how much can be effected by a body of men of great energy, and who, in spite of considerable differences, were united in the same leading ideas. It may seem paradoxical to connect them with the |